In-situ strain sensing with fiber optic sensors embedded into stainless steel 316

Havermann, Dirk; Mathew, Jinesh; MacPherson, William N.; Maier, Robert R. J.; Hand, Duncan Paul

doi:10.1117/12.2083843

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There are several applications for gas sensing, including controlling indoor and outdoor air quality, ensuring national security, and controlling chemical processes in factories [ 165 ]. A basic sensing process involves gas adsorption-induced charge transfer [ 166 ] and doping [ 77 ]. The mechanism of gas-sensing materials, such as metal oxides, has been extensively studied and well-described.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of metals, such as Inconel, titanium, and stainless steel, as well as polymers, such as nylon, were typically used [76]. Standardization of LPBF embedding sensors was introduced by Binder et al [77]. In terms of embedded sensing, LPBF has a few challenges in terms of ensuring a safe environment for the sensor (such as high temperatures, high pressures, powder contamination, chamber dimensions, inert gas flows, and the powder coater).…”

Section: (V) Laser Powder Bed Fusion (Lpbf)-based Embedded Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Embedded Sensors with 3D Printing Technology: Review

Bas,

Dutta,

Llamas Garro

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Embedded sensors (ESs) are used in smart materials to enable continuous and permanent measurements of their structural integrity, while sensing technology involves developing sensors, sensory systems, or smart materials that monitor a wide range of properties of materials. Incorporating 3D-printed sensors into hosting structures has grown in popularity because of improved assembly processes, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication costs. 3D-printed sensors can be embedded into structures and attached to surfaces through two methods: attaching to surfaces or embedding in 3D-printed sensors. We discussed various additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating sensors in this review. We also discussed the many strategies for manufacturing sensors using additive manufacturing, as well as how sensors are integrated into the manufacturing process. The review also explained the fundamental mechanisms used in sensors and their applications. The study demonstrated that embedded 3D printing sensors facilitate the development of additive sensor materials for smart goods and the Internet of Things.

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Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (V) Laser Powder Bed Fusion (Lpbf)-based Embedded Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Embedded Sensors with 3D Printing Technology: Review

Bas,

Dutta,

Llamas Garro

et al. 2024

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This measurement shows that even under heavy forces with large plastic deformations, the elastic behavior of the machined part could be monitored, understood and described using an FBG. During the experiment no slip of the FBG inside the metal was present due to the large compression of the cast process, which differs from other methods such as additive manufacturing [ 48 , 66 ]. The slopes of the functions represent the strain sensitivities of the embedded strain sensors.…”

Section: Experiments and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg Sensors Embedded in Cast Aluminum Parts: Axial Strain and Temperature Response

Lindner

Stadler

Hamann

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this study, the response of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) embedded in cast aluminum parts under thermal and mechanical load were investigated. Several types of FBGs in different types of fibers were used in order to verify general applicability. To monitor a temperature-induced strain, an embedded regenerated FBG (RFBG) in a cast part was placed in a climatic chamber and heated up to 120∘C within several cycles. The results show good agreement with a theoretical model, which consists of a shrink-fit model and temperature-dependent material parameters. Several cast parts with different types of FBGs were machined into tensile test specimens and tensile tests were executed. For the tensile tests, a cyclic procedure was chosen, which allowed us to distinguish between the elastic and plastic deformation of the specimen. An analytical model, which described the elastic part of the tensile test, was introduced and showed good agreement with the measurements. Embedded FBGs - integrated during the casting process - showed under all mechanical and thermal load conditions no hysteresis, a reproducible sensor response, and a high reliable operation, which is very important to create metallic smart structures and packaged fiber optic sensors for harsh environments.

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“…After pressing the sensor towards the bottom surface of the cavity, the entire cavity was filled with resin, as shown in Figures 11 and 12 Fiber optic sensors have also been embedded using SLM technology. Havermann et al manufactured SS 316 embedded sensors on a SS 316 substrate to determine strain levels, plastic deformation, and elastic deformation while using bare SS 316 samples to compare [51]. The embedding process includes a groove in the part, where the nickel coated Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are placed.…”

Section: Laser Powder Based 3d Printed Embedded Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Integrated Sensors: From Fabrication to Applications—A Review

Hassan,

Zaman,

Dantzler

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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The integration of 3D printed sensors into hosting structures has become a growing area of research due to simplified assembly procedures, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication cost. Embedding 3D printed sensors into structures or bonding the sensors on surfaces are the two techniques for the integration of sensors. This review extensively discusses the fabrication of sensors through different additive manufacturing techniques. Various additive manufacturing techniques dedicated to manufacture sensors as well as their integration techniques during the manufacturing process will be discussed. This review will also discuss the basic sensing mechanisms of integrated sensors and their applications. It has been proven that integrating 3D printed sensors into infrastructures can open new possibilities for research and development in additive manufacturing and sensor materials for smart goods and the Internet of Things.

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In-situ strain sensing with fiber optic sensors embedded into stainless steel 316

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

RETRACTED: Embedded Sensors with 3D Printing Technology: Review

RETRACTED: Embedded Sensors with 3D Printing Technology: Review

Fiber Bragg Sensors Embedded in Cast Aluminum Parts: Axial Strain and Temperature Response

3D Printed Integrated Sensors: From Fabrication to Applications—A Review

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