In Situ Strategy for Biomimetic Construction of Calcium Phosphate Mineral Shells on Microbial Cells

Abstract

Biomimetic construction of functional shells on cells is highly important in modifying an engineered cell surface. Herein, we report a microbial in situ mineralization strategy using Acetobacter xylinum as a model strain to explore the interactions between cell metabolism and calcium phosphate crystallization. Mineral precipitation has been observed outside the cell walls during the metabolism of bacterial cellulose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that in situ mineralization of calcium phosphate can be realized on a microorganism surface by simply treatment of simulated body fluid. The cell survival test reveals that the prepared artificial mineral shell can be an ideal shield for cells to resist natural toxins without disturbing their normal physiological metabolism. This finding provides a robust route to in situ biomimetic construction of living cells with functional mineral shells during their metabolic process without modifying the surface characteristic.

Overcoming the Low-Stability Bottleneck in the Clinical Translation of Liposomal Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers: A Shell Stabilization Strategy Inspired by Biomineralization

“…Leveraging their excellent interplay, biomineralization has been extensively employed to enhance the stability of living cell storage and delivery [ 100 ]. For example, Sun et al [ 101 ] reported an in situ bionic construction strategy with a functional mineral shell. They first mineralized calcium phosphate in situ on the cell wall of the model strain Acetobacter xylinum , and in subsequent activity tests, they found that the artificial mineral shell could be an ideal barrier against natural toxins without interfering with normal metabolism.…”

Effect of Culture Conditions on Cellulose Production by a Komagataeibacter xylinus Strain

“…These characteristics make BC a promising candidate for a wide range of industrial applications, including in tissue engineering, the cosmetic and paper industries, and the catalytic field. [4][5][6] In the food industry, BC was first used in a low-calorie DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100476 dessert called Nata-de-coco by the natives of the Philippines, and is valued for its juicy mouthfeel and chewable texture. [7][8][9] Komagataeibacter (formerly named Gluconacetobacter) is an aerobic bacterium first isolated from brewing vinegar and has become a model strain for BC production.…”

“…These characteristics make BC a promising candidate for a wide range of industrial applications, including in tissue engineering, the cosmetic and paper industries, and the catalytic field. [ 4–6 ] In the food industry, BC was first used in a low‐calorie dessert called Nata‐de‐coco by the natives of the Philippines, and is valued for its juicy mouthfeel and chewable texture. [ 7–9 ]…”