In situ sulfur isotopes (δ 34 S and δ 33 S) analyses in sulfides and elemental sulfur using high sensitivity cones combined with the addition of nitrogen by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS

In-Situ Sulfur Isotopic Analysis Of Sulfate By Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS)

“…For example, in-situ sulfur isotopic measurement by laser ablation (LA) MC-ICP-MS has recently been further developed, especially in relation to the investigation of sulfides. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Most of the barite present in the Earth's crust forms through the mixing of fluids from diverse origins, including magmatic, 20 metamorphic, 21 hydrothermal, 22 as well as ancient and modern ocean water. 23 The micron scale sulfur isotopic composition of barite and other related sulfates could definitely provide important information regarding their origin and formation history (e.g.…”

“…Craddock et al 12 introduced laser aerosol to the cyclonic spray dual chamber that was mixed with 2% HNO3 solution, then calibrated with a matrixmatched solution standard to correct the mass bias. In recent studies, Sample-Standard-Bracketing (SSB) is the most popular approach to monitor and correct sulfur isotope mass bias using LA-MC-ICP-MS. 11,[16][17][18][24][25][26][27][28] SSB monitors both the mass bias within the MC-ICP-MS instrument and the laser-induced isotopic fractionation at the ablation site. This approach requires an appropriately matrix-matched solid standard, which can be natural minerals, pressed powder tablets, or other types of artificial solid samples.…”

“…This approach requires an appropriately matrix-matched solid standard, which can be natural minerals, pressed powder tablets, or other types of artificial solid samples. 16,26,29,30 A single bracketing standard works for the sulfur isotope characterization of sulfide using SSB, 17,27,28 whereas different sulfate minerals behave differently as the isotopic composition of the sample and bracketing standard is recommended to be matched. 16 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and United States Geological Survey (USGS) sulfate isotope reference materials have been adopted in previous investigations using MC-ICP-MS. 13,16,19 Currently, no natural sulfate mineral standard is routinely available for in-situ sulfur isotopic analysis.…”

An improved femtosecond laser‐ablation fluorination method for measurements of sulfur isotopic anomalies (∆33S and ∆36S) in sulfides with high precision

“…Several methods and techniques have been developed to determine the multiple isotope ratios of sulfur. These are conventional methods by fluorination of sulfide minerals in nickel reaction vessels to produce SF 6 for sulfur isotopic analyses by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), fluorination methods with laser heating of samples, a laser‐ablation (LA) technique for direct solid sampling in combination with multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS), and in situ spot analyses by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) . These methods are currently used to examine S‐MIF signals in the geological record.…”

Mapping of Sulfur Isotopes and Trace Elements in Sulfides by LA-(MC)-ICP-MS: Potential Analytical Problems, Improvements and Implications

“…Sulfur isotopes have been investigated in a wide range of geological environments, including metamorphosed volcanic-hosted massive sulfide VMS deposits [1], seafloor diagenetic/hydrothermal environments [2], sedimentary deposits [3], and many others. Due to the rapid development of laser ablation systems and mass spectrometry in the last two decades, in situ S isotope [4][5][6] and trace element analysis [7,8] of sulfides has become both viable and widely applied. Such in situ techniques can distinguish S isotope and trace element patterns in individual generations of minerals that derive from different stages of ore formation.…”