In situ synthesis of MoS2/graphene nanosheet composites with extraordinarily high electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries

Chang, Kun; Chen, Weixiang

doi:10.1039/c1cc10631g

Cited by 803 publications

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“…18,19 As with graphene, many applications will require relatively large quantities of material suggesting that a solution processing route is required. 20 A number of possibilities exist.…”

Section: Toc Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

et al. 2012

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Abstract:We have studied the dispersion and exfoliation of four inorganic layered compounds, WS 2 , We found that the dispersed concentration of each material falls exponentially with  as predicted by solution thermodynamics. This work shows that solution thermodynamics and specifically solubility parameter analysis can be used as a framework to understand the dispersion of 2-dimensional materials. Finally, we note that in good solvents such as 2 cyclohexylpyrrolidone, the dispersions are temporally stable with >90% of material remaining dispersed after 100 hours. ToC figOver the last decade, 2-dimensional nanomaterials have become one of the most studied subfields of nanoscience. These developments have been spearheaded by research into graphene, a material that is unique due to its combination of thermal, electronic, optical and mechanical properties. 1-5 However, over the last few years, it has become clear that a range of other inorganic layered compounds can be mechanically exfoliated in small quantities to give 2-dimensional nanosheets with interesting properties. 6-10 For example, exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride has been used as a dielectric support in graphene-based transistors 11 while MoS 2 has been fabricated into sensors 10, 12 , transistors 13-15 and integrated circuits. 16 The availability of a wide range of 2-dimensional materials is important as it allows access to a broad palette of physical and chemical properties. A good example is provided by the family of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). These materials have the chemical composition MX 2 where M is a transition metal (commonly, but not limited to Ti, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) and X is a chalcogen (i.e. S, Se, Te). As in graphite, these atoms are covalently bonded into nanosheets which stack into 3-dimensional crystals by van der Waals interactions. These materials are of particular interest because, depending on the combination of metal and chalcogen, the material can be semiconducting or metallic. 17 In addition, the bandgap can vary from a few hundred meV to a few eV, 17 suggesting these materials have potential as versatile electronic device materials.Furthermore, these materials have interesting electrochemical properties which make them suitable for applications such as battery electrodes. 18,19 As with graphene, many applications will require relatively large quantities of material suggesting that a solution processing route is required. 20 A number of possibilities exist. For example, it has been known for many years that materials such as MoS 2 can be exfoliated by 3 lithium intercalation. 21 However, such a route tends to result in structural deformations in some TMDs leading to considerably altered electronic properties. 22 Alternatively, TMDs can be synthesised in the liquid phase. 7,8 Probably the simplest route to liquid exfoliation of layered compounds is sonication assisted exfoliation in solvents [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] or aqueous surfactant solutions. 19,[30][31][32] Here, sonication results in the exfoliation of the ...

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“…18,19 As with graphene, many applications will require relatively large quantities of material suggesting that a solution processing route is required. 20 A number of possibilities exist.…”

Section: Toc Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

et al. 2012

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Similar approaches involve mixing MoS2 with polyaniline nanowires 29 or carbon nanotubes. 19,[30][31][32] However, the composite electrodes described above remain far from optimised as LIB electrodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrical, Mechanical, and Capacity Percolation Leads to High-Performance MoS₂/Nanotube Composite Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

et al. 2016

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Advances in lithium ion batteries would facilitate technological developments inareas from electrical vehicles to mobile communications. While 2-dimensional systems like MoS2 are promising electrode materials due to their potentially high capacity, their poor ratecapability and low cycle-stability are severe handicaps. Here we study the electrical, mechanical and lithium storage properties of solution-processed MoS2/carbon nanotube anodes.Nanotube addition gives up to ×10 10 and ×40 increases in electrical conductivity and mechanical toughness respectively. The increased conductivity results in up to a ×100 capacity enhancement to ~1200 mAh/g (~3000 mAh/cm 3 ) at 0.1 A/g, while the improved toughness significantly boosts cycle stability. Composites with 20 wt% nanotubes combined high reversible capacity with excellent cycling stability (e.g. ~950 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 2 A/g) and high-rate capability (~600 mAh/g at 20 A/g). The conductivity, toughness and capacity scaled with nanotube content according to percolation theory while the stability increased sharply at the mechanical percolation threshold. We believe the improvements in conductivity and toughness obtained after addition of nanotubes can be transferred to other electrode materials such as silicon nanoparticles.Keywords: percolating, network, anode, mechanical 2 In recent years, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have become the most common rechargeable power sources for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. 1, 2 Nevertheless, they still suffer from several problems; their energy and especially power densities have not fulfilled their ultimate potential while their safety record is not unblemished. 3 A significant problem is that graphite, the dominant anode material used in LIBs, is limited by a relatively low theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g. 4 As such, the development of the next-generation of LIBs, is expected to see the replacement of graphite-based anodes with alternative materials having higher capacity at similarly low cost. While a range of materials, including silicon, have been envisaged as future LIB anode materials, 4 of particular interest are 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials 5 such as graphene 6 and MoS2. 7 Over the last decade, 2D nano-materials have generated much excitement in the nanomaterials science community. [8][9][10] They come in many types including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and transition metal oxides (TMOs). These materials consist of covalently bonded monolayers which can stack via van der Waals interactions to form layered crystals. 8,9 Such 2D nanomaterials are often found as nanosheets with lateral size ranging from 10s of nm to microns and thickness of ~nm. 9 These materials have shown potential for applications 5 in both energy generation 11 and storage. 12 In the context of LIBs, exfoliated TMDs have received significant attention as prospective anode materials. 13,14 While bulk MoS2 was proposed 15 as a Li ion battery electrode material as early as 1980 due to its hi...

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“…One of the main innovations in 2011 may be the combination of graphene with another 2D material such as MoS 2 , belonging to the family of transition metal dichalcogenides. [ 128 ] Through the clever use of sulfocarbamide [ 129,130 ] or L-cysteine, [ 131 ] W. Chen and K. Chang obtained several graphene/MoS 2 hybrids with enhanced cycling stability and larger specifi c gravimetric capacity than bare MoS 2 , even at high specifi c currents (e.g., 1 A g −1 ). Particularly, the biomolecular-assisted synthetic approach (i.e., L-cysteineassisted solution-phase method) [ 131 ] enabled, for the composites with a Mo:C molar ratio of 1:2, a specifi c gravimetric capacity of ca.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In all these cases, however, only modest improvements (especially in terms of cycling stability) were observed with respect to the reports published few years before. Although several publications reported the active material mass loadings, [ 58,60,65,129,130,132,138,142,147,168,172,[177][178][179][180] as well as the tap density of the active material [ 57 ] and the density of the electrode, [ 63 ] no considerations about volumetric capacity were made. Some progression on composite anodes based on graphene and germanium (i.e., alloy material), MFe 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu) and M x S y (M = Sn, Sb, In) were reported in 2012.…”

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confidence: 99%

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

et al. 2016

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that its extraordinary properties would enable revolutionary new technologies, which gave birth to the "graphene era". [ 3,4 ] Relying on this scenario, in 2013, the European Union launched the ¤1 billion "Graphene Flagship" project aimed to investigate the properties of this new form of carbon for various applications (e.g., electronics, sensors and energy storage devices), with the ambitious goal of guiding graphene from laboratories to commercial applications within a decade. [ 5,6 ] In the same period, the Chinese Government set up a similar investment to mass-produce graphene as thin fi lms (e.g., for touchscreen electrodes) and platelets (e.g., for use in batteries). [ 6 ] In the following years, hundreds of patents, mainly focused on manufacturing and application in energy storage, were fi led and the worldwide production of graphene and graphene-containing materials rapidly increased. Although a few Chinese industries claimed to already use graphene-containing materials for smartphone production, no revolutionary practical application relying on graphene has been yet developed. [ 6 ] Specifi cally with respect to the battery fi eld, a close analysis of the scientifi c literature reveals a struggle to meet the ambitious initial targets. A potential loss of focus from the fi nal application caused by hype and ease of publication on such a novel matter, together with the delivery of very misleading information [ 7,8 ] and erroneous statements [ 7 ] concerning the use of graphene in batteries are emerging as possible reasons of the ineffective graphene-era outburst. In this progress report, we do not focus on production and classifi cation of graphene and graphene-containing materials, which were already well reported in the past years. [ 3,[9][10][11] In contrast, due to the lack of an exhaustive analysis of the progression of the use of such materials in lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, we report here a critical evaluation of the most prominent research papers published from 2008 until the end of 2015. As shown in Figure 1 , three different stages of the graphene research in LIB anodes can be distinguished: a fi rst stationary phase between 2008 and 2010 where the lithium-ion storage properties of different graphene and graphene-containing materials were preliminarily explored, a second exponential stage, spanning from 2010 to 2014, where graphene and graphene-containing anode materials were broadly developed and investigated, and fi nally, a third phase, (i.e., starting from 2015), where the research seems to have approached a plateau. After Used as a bare active material or component in hybrids, graphene has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. Indeed, from the fi rst report that appeared in late July 2008, almost 1600 papers were published as of the end 2015 that investigated the properties of graphene as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Although an impressive amount of data has been collected, a real advance in the fi eld still seems to be missing. In this framework, atten...

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In situ synthesis of MoS2/graphene nanosheet composites with extraordinarily high electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 803 publications

References 20 publications

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

Electrical, Mechanical, and Capacity Percolation Leads to High-Performance MoS₂/Nanotube Composite Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

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In situ synthesis of MoS2/graphene nanosheet composites with extraordinarily high electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 803 publications

References 20 publications

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

Electrical, Mechanical, and Capacity Percolation Leads to High-Performance MoS2/Nanotube Composite Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

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Electrical, Mechanical, and Capacity Percolation Leads to High-Performance MoS₂/Nanotube Composite Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes