“…17–19 Thus, developing cost-effective, highly active, and durable electrocatalysts offers an ideal alternative to precious metal catalysts. 20–22 Presently, non-precious metal-based catalysts, including metal oxides, layered double hydroxides, carbides, nitrides, phosphides, and sulfides, 23–29 as well as carbon-based materials, Prussian blue materials, and nanoalloys, 30–34 have demonstrated excellent catalytic activity or extended catalytic life. Among them, carbon-based materials, characterized by their low cost, abundant resources, ease of doping, and large specific surface areas, present significant advantages compared to metal-based catalysts.…”