In-situ trace metal (Cd, Pb, Cu) speciation along the Po River plume (Northern Adriatic Sea) using submersible systems

Abstract

In-situ trace metal (Cd, Pb, Cu) speciation along the Po River plume (Northern Adriatic Sea) using submersible systems Illuminati, S

A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production

“…Additionally, it should be underlined that the organic by-products used as feed for the insects can be often contaminated by pollutants. Among several pollutants, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) deserve special attention because of their high degree of toxicity and their wide distribution in the environment [21][22][23]. Most of them, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) rank among the priority elements that are of great public health significance.…”

Particle aggregation, pH changes and metal behaviour during estuarine mixing: review and integration

“…iron oxides) and the aggregation of the colloids typically removes these metals from solution. However, like Fe, the truly dissolved Pb fraction, which is much lower in concentration, may show conservative mixing Tanguy et al 2011) and increase to form a large component of the total dissolved Pb approaching seawater values (Illuminati et al 2019). The dynamics of Pb in estuaries can be disturbed by anthropogenic inputs and the activity of benthic organisms (Duan et al 2019).…”

“…Laboratory mixing experiments have also shown a mixed behaviour with, for example, Sholkovitz (1978) finding a 40% removal of Cu during estuarine mixing (Water of Luce), whereas Shiller and Boyle (1991) found that Cu mixed conservatively (Mississippi River). This variable behaviour has been postulated to be dependent on whether Cu is bound to colloidal organic matter fractions (typically high molecular weight humic acids) that can flocculate out of Boyle et al (1974), Merrimack, USA Boyle et al (1977), multiple estuaries in the US Holliday and Liss (1976), Beaulieu, UK Sholkovitz (1976Sholkovitz ( , 1978, Scotland Hunter (1983), Taieri, New Zealand Yan et al (1991), New Jersey, USA , Ob and Yenisey, Russia Powell (1996) Conservative mixing Boyle et al (1982), Amazon, Brazil Windom et al (1983), multiple estuaries, south-eastern USA Shiller and Boyle (1991), Mississippi, USA Guieu and Martin (2002), Danube Sulina Branch , Rhône, France , Ob and Yenisey, Russia Non-conservative mixing (removal) Benoit et al (1994), Texas, USA Guieu and Martin (2002), Danube Chilia Branch, Ukraine Waeles et al (2005Waeles et al ( , 2008, Penzé, France Illuminati et al (2019), Po River plume, Adriatic Sea Non-conservative mixing (addition) Ackroyd et al (1986), Tamar, UK Hunter (1983), Taieri, New Zealand van den Berg et al (1987), Scheldt, UK Chiffoleau et al (1994), Seine, France Guieu et al (1996), Lena, Russia Waeles et al (2005), Penzé, France Zn Conservative mixing Holliday and Liss (1976), Beaulieu, UK Shiller and Boyle (1991), Mississippi, USA Benoit et al (1994), Texas, USA Guieu et al (1996), Lena, Russia Non-conservative mixing (addition) Ackroyd et al (1986), Tamar, UK van den Berg et al (1987), Scheldt, UK …”

“…The degree to which metals sorb or desorb to particles in estuaries, and how those particles behave, is a very important driver of their fate and transport in estuaries (Burton and Liss 1976;Benoit et al 1994;Waeles et al 2008;Illuminati et al 2019). Metals adsorbed to particles greater than ,1 mm in size can be removed from the water column by sedimentation.…”

“…Binding of some metals (e.g. Cu) to colloidal and dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also very important in estuaries because a quite different geochemistry can be observed for these metals compared with the predominantly particleassociated metals (Santschi et al 1997;Tang et al 2002;Illuminati et al 2019). The binding behaviour of individual metals to DOM, and the functional composition of the DOM itself, can also vary with salinity in estuaries (Zhou et al 2016;Ksionzek et al 2018).…”