In situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. seeds in subcritical solvent system

Go, Alchris Woo; Sutanto, Sylviana; Liu, Ying-Tsung; Nguyen, Phuong Lan Tran; Ismadji, Suryadi; Ju, Yi‐Hsu

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2014.01.010

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…High water contents and the presence of FFA can be tolerated in this study. This study directly used whole JCL kernels without the need of drying and size reduction of kernels, compared to the previously developed process utilizing methanol and acetic acid as the media [16]. The proposed method does not require the use of mineral acid.…”

Section: Direct In-situ Transesterification Of Whole Kernelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach in maximizing and direct utilization of whole Jatropha curcas L. kernels in biodiesel production – Technological improvement

Sutanto

Zullaikah

et al. 2016

Renewable Energy

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a b s t r a c tThe direct (trans)esterification of whole Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) kernels in subcritical solvent mixture of water, methanol and acetic acid was explored. A high fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 96.56% could be achieved at a solvent (water: acetic acid: methanol ¼ 1:5:15, v/v/v) to solid ratio of 7 cm 3 g À1 . The reaction mixture was pressurize with carbon dioxide and reacted for 1 h at 523 K and 12.5 MPa. Qualitative tests on the recovered polar fractions of the product were found to have radical scavenging activities. The characteristics of the spent kernel residues were also studied. The method employed in this study provides an alternative approach to better utilize JCL kernels and cut down the number of production steps.

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Section: Direct In-situ Transesterification Of Whole Kernelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach in maximizing and direct utilization of whole Jatropha curcas L. kernels in biodiesel production – Technological improvement

Sutanto

Zullaikah

et al. 2016

Renewable Energy

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“…For example, jatropha oil (JO) has received much attention in this respect [16][17][18][19]. Jatropha curcas is an inedible plant, that can grow in poor environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of Jatropha Oil with Isopropanol via Ultrasonic Irradiation

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The reduction of high acid value (AV) of inedible jatropha oil (JO) by esterification with isopropanol (IPA), which is a common alcohol solvent waste in Taiwan's high-tech industry, was studied. The decrease of AV is beneficial for the subsequent transesterification to produce JO biodiesel (i.e., biodiesel of fatty acid isopropyl ester (FAIE)). Acid catalyst (H 2 SO 4 ) and a novel mixing/emulsion technique using ultrasound irradiation (UI) were applied to promote and facilitate the esterification process. The results showed that increased IPA/oil molar ratio (M IOE ) can significantly reduce the AV, kinematic viscosity (KV), density (ρ LO ), and water content (M W ) of esterified JO, while also providing the benefit of enhancing the yield (Y F ) of biodiesel of FAIE. For example, with M IOE = 5 at esterification temperature (T E ) = 394.2 K (393.8-394.7 K), a reduction of AV of 99.25% with Y F of 67.15% can be achieved. Free fatty acid (FFA) was reduced from 18.06 wt.% to 0.14 wt.%, indicating 17.92 wt.% out of 18.06 wt.% of FFA was esterified to FAIE. As a result, among the Y F of 67.15%, 49.23% (= 67.15 wt.% deducting 17.92 wt.%) was contributed by the transesterification of triglycerides. By esterification of high FFA-containing raw JO with acid catalyst, one can not only avoid saponification, but also reduce the loading of the subsequent alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Moreover, increasing T E from 394.2 to 454.4 K further reduced AV (from 0.27 to 0.084 mg KOH/g) and M W (from 0.27 to 0.043 wt.%), but, on the other hand, it increased KV (from 14.62 to 25.2 mm 2 /s) and ρ LO (from 901.6 to 913.3 kg/m 3 ), while it decreased Y F (from 67.15 to 25.84%). In sum, IPA was successfully used as a replacement for methanol in the esterification of JO while UI provided mixing/emulsion along with heating resulting from cavitation for the system.

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“…In our previous works, acetic acid was employed as a co-solvent and as a catalyst [13,14]. Acetic acid as a catalyst under subcritical condition enhanced extraction rate and allowed the use of feedstock with moisture up to ~10 % which resulted in faster FAME conversion rate [13]. It was also observed that filling the reactor to its maximum allowable capacity resulted in a decrease in FAME yield [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover high space loadings (30-54 mL/g) were employed [11,12], implying low utilization of the reactor's effective volume. In our previous works, acetic acid was employed as a co-solvent and as a catalyst [13,14]. Acetic acid as a catalyst under subcritical condition enhanced extraction rate and allowed the use of feedstock with moisture up to ~10 % which resulted in faster FAME conversion rate [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetic acid as a catalyst under subcritical condition enhanced extraction rate and allowed the use of feedstock with moisture up to ~10 % which resulted in faster FAME conversion rate [13]. It was also observed that filling the reactor to its maximum allowable capacity resulted in a decrease in FAME yield [13]. Although a lower operating temperature (250 °C) may be employed for a similar reaction duration as those carried out under supercritical methanol conditions, it has disadvantages including: The need to use high SSR of 7 mL/g; the use of high amount of acetic acid (25 % of the solvent mixture); and requiring the addition of carbon dioxide as a co-solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis to Improve in Situ Production of FAME from Sunflower and Jatropha curcas Kernels with Subcritical Solvent Mixture

Sutanto

Ismadji

et al. 2015

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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This study investigates the possibility of employing in situ (trans)esterification (ISTE) under the subcritical condition (200–250 °C) of the solvent mixture (methanol + acetic acid) with a high solid loading and a low solvent to solid ratio (SSR). The Taguchi method together with grey relational analysis was used to improve both FAME yield and productivity. It was found that temperature reaction time and SSR were factors which contributed the most in obtaining high FAME yields. In addition to the above‐mentioned factors the addition of acetic acid also significantly improved the productivity. Employing the following conditions: 250 °C; 8.8 MPa; 3–7 mL/g SSR; 10 % acetic acid was found to provide an improved FAME yield and productivity. A confirmatory test resulted in a FAME yield of 87.5–92.7 % for sunflower kernels and 88.2–97.22 % for Jatropha curcas L. kernels and productivity up to 37.5 kg/m3/h can be obtained with good repeatability. Furthermore, the process developed in this study can tolerate moisture and a free fatty acid content of up to 25 %. The direct application of the method using whole kernels was also investigated.

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In situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. seeds in subcritical solvent system

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

A new approach in maximizing and direct utilization of whole Jatropha curcas L. kernels in biodiesel production – Technological improvement

A new approach in maximizing and direct utilization of whole Jatropha curcas L. kernels in biodiesel production – Technological improvement

Esterification of Jatropha Oil with Isopropanol via Ultrasonic Irradiation

Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis to Improve in Situ Production of FAME from Sunflower and Jatropha curcas Kernels with Subcritical Solvent Mixture

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