In-situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. seeds using homogeneous and heterogeneous basic catalysts

Martínez, Araceli; Mijangos, Gabriela E.; Romero‐Ibarra, Issis C.; Hernández‐Altamirano, Raúl; Mena‐Cervantes, Violeta Y.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.082

Cited by 70 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…H 2 SO 4 , 3 KOH, NaOH and CH 3 ONa that are highly reactive under mild reaction conditions and give high FAME yields. 4,5 The transesterication reaction occurred in three consecutive steps in which the triglyceride molecule is converted into diglyceride molecule which is converted into monoglyceride which is in turn converted into methyl esters along with glycerol as a by-product. 6 Unfortunately, the homogeneous base catalytic process suffers from several drawbacks such as soap formation, tedious puri-cation processes, production of large amount of wastewater and difficulty to remove the catalyst aer the reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acid waste cooking oil using a cesium modified natural phosphate catalyst

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acid waste cooking oil using a cesium modified natural phosphate catalyst

et al. 2020

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“…Stretching vibrations of the C-O-C ester group were observed at 1158.64 cm −1 and 721.20 cm −1 , indicating that C-C-H was out of the plane of stretching vibration. The presence of two extra peaks in the biodiesel sample at 1437.64 cm −1 and 1195.76 cm −1 were determined as the asymmetric stretching vibration of methyl carbon-hydrogen bond and stretching vibration of -O-CH 3 group of mono-, di-, and triglyceride to indicate the formation of biodiesel [62,80,81].…”

Section: Comparative Study Of Catalytic Activity With Literature Repomentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermagnetic Nano-Bifunctional Catalyst from Rice Husk: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Conversion of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel

et al. 2020

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The present work investigated the biodiesel production from used cooking oil catalyzed by nano-bifunctional supermagnetic heterogeneous catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) derived from rice husk doped with K2O and Fe synthesized by the wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) were characterized for crystallinity by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), total acidity and basicity using CO2/NH3-TPD, textural properties through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermal stability via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), functional group determination by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The VSM result demonstrated that the super-paramagnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be simply separated and regained after the reaction using an external magnetic field. The operating conditions such as catalyst loading, methanol/oil molar ratio, temperature, and reaction duration were studied. The screened RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5% catalyst was selected for further optimization and the optimum reaction parameters found were 4 wt % of catalyst, a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 12:1, 4 h reaction duration, and 75 °C reaction temperature with a maximal yield of 98.6%. The reusability study and reactivation results revealed that the nano-bifunctional magnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be preserved by high catalytic activity even after being reused five times.

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“…A funnel was used to separate the glycerin and biodiesel by density difference, a volumetric ratio of 4:1 was used to wash the biodiesel with water. The final step consisted of heating the biodiesel to 110 • C, to evaporate the biodiesel water from the biodiesel [32][33][34][35]. The biodiesel was prepared in the Institute of Engineering of the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC).…”

Section: Fuel and Its Mixtures Elaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Emissions of a Transport Engine Operating with Diesel-Biodiesel

et al. 2020

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The present work is about evaluating the emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blends in a reciprocating engine. The biodiesel was produced and characterized before the test. A virtual instrument was developed to evaluate the velocity, fuel consumption, temperature, and emissions of O2, CO, SO2, and NO from an ignition-compression engine of four cylinders with a constant rate of 850 rpm. The percentages of soybean-biodiesel (B) blended with Mexican-diesel (D) analyzed were 2% B-98% D (B2), 5% B-95% B (B5), and 20% B-80% D (B20). The biodiesel was obtained through a transesterification process and was characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Our results indicate that CO emission is 6%, 10%, and 18% lower for B2, B5, and B20, respectively, in comparison with 100% (D100). The O2 emission is 12% greater in B20 than D100. A reduction of 3% NO and 2.6% SO2 was found in comparison to D100. The obtained results show 44.9 kJ/g of diesel’s lower heating value, this result which is 13% less than the biodiesel value, 2.8% less than B20, 1.3% than B5, and practically the same as B2. The specific viscosity stands out with 0.024 Poise for the B100 at 73 °C, which is 63% greater than D100. The infrared spectra show characteristics signals of esters groups (C-O) and the pronounced peak from the carbonyl group (C=O). It is observed that the increase in absorbance of the carbonyl group corresponds to an increase in biodiesel concentration.

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In-situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. seeds using homogeneous and heterogeneous basic catalysts

Cited by 70 publications

References 52 publications

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acid waste cooking oil using a cesium modified natural phosphate catalyst

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and low free fatty acid waste cooking oil using a cesium modified natural phosphate catalyst

Supermagnetic Nano-Bifunctional Catalyst from Rice Husk: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Conversion of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel

Quantitative Evaluation of the Emissions of a Transport Engine Operating with Diesel-Biodiesel

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