In Situ Upgrading via Hot Fluid and Nanocatalyst Injection

Scott, Carlos E.; Carbognani-Ortega, Lante; Pereira‐Almao, Pedro

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25993-8_6

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Dispersed metallic catalytic particles of high static energy density has been determined to get irreversibly adsorbed over the polar reservoir rocks. 21,22,29,35,36 In the present study, ICP spectroscopy confirmed practical total adsorption of dispersed metal particles by the rock, determined as the difference of the entering stream rich in metal particles minus metal contents for oils exiting the experimental reservoir units. Metals were analyzed first by sample mineralization (HNO 3 Sigma-Aldrich 438073, 70%; 10 mL/0.5 g sample) using microwave-assisted digestion in a commercial unit model MARS 6 from CEM Corporation (Matthews, NC, USA) and afterward followed by ICP-atomic emission spectroscopy with an IRIS Intrepid II XDL spectrometer from Thermo-Instruments Canada, Inc., Ontario, Canada.…”

Section: Continuous Operating Unitsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The concept of ISUT processing has undergone extensive study and verification using laboratory models packed with sand to mimic Alberta’s reservoirs and other sand-bearing formations. A review of these findings has been published and is discussed in detail Figure presents the ISUT process schematic applied to naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs containing heavy crudes.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situ upgrading using ultradispersed nanocatalysts [in situ upgrading technology (ISUT)] is a cutting-edge method for upgrading heavy oil and bitumen. It minimizes energy needs by using a small reservoir section as an upgrading chamber. , Hot fluid and active metal particles are injected directly into the reservoir together with small amounts of H 2 , utilizing reservoir rocks as the catalyst support that anchor active metals. − This technology, developed over 15 years of research, employs nanocatalysts and has been extensively documented in published articles − and a comprehensive monograph chapter …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Oil Catalytic In Situ Upgrading in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs. Fluid Distributions and Occurring Reactions Monitored with Marker Hydrocarbons

Suarez-Suarez,

Elahi,

Orozco Castillo

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The effectiveness of a novel catalytic heavy oil in situ upgrading technology (ISUT) in fractured carbonate reservoirs with varying rock properties was investigated in the present study carried out with Mexican heavy crudes. The tests conducted in batch (300 °C under 1000 psig H 2 for 48 and 96 h) and continuous operation modes (360 °C, 36 h residence time, and 1450 psig pressure) were utilized to achieve up to ∼30 wt % vacuum residue (VR) conversion and up to 65 wt % recovery. By dispersing hydroprocessing catalysts, such as Ni−Mo and/or Ni−Mo−W, in VR media and in the presence of H 2 , efficient upgrading was achieved with stable produced oils. Distributions of molecular markers introduced into the matrix oil or into the injected VR (1-Me-naphthalene, phenanthrene, α-cholestane, fluorenone) were monitored via gas chromatography (GC)-simulated distillation and/ or GC−mass spectroscopy, indicating movement of hydrocarbons toward and out from the porous space of the carbonate matrices, suggesting successful penetration of the upgraded VR into the rock's porous space. Detection of hydrogenated compounds derived from spiked markers provided evidence of hydrotreating reactions occurring during ISUT processing. The study proposes a possible oil production mechanism that combines rock thermal expansion, solution gas drive (H 2 ), and solvency from generated upgraded light ends, explaining oil production within carbonate matrices when ISUT is applied to naturally fractured reservoirs. These findings highlight the immense potential of ISUT for unlocking vast oil reserves present in carbonate reservoirs worldwide.

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Section: Continuous Operating Unitsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Oil Catalytic In Situ Upgrading in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs. Fluid Distributions and Occurring Reactions Monitored with Marker Hydrocarbons

Suarez-Suarez,

Elahi,

Orozco Castillo

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The reaction was carried out with ultra-high purity hydrogen at 50 atm and 350 °C for 8 h. HDS results show that the catalyst reduces the sulfur content of crude oil from 5.1% to 4.8%, despite the refractory species present in the Heavy Crude Oil-AGT-72. The catalytic nanoparticles in our study are aimed for applications in oil recovery into oil reservoirs [20][21][22][23]; however but some challenges persist such as:…”

Section: In-situ Hydrodesulfurization Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction was carried out with ultra-high purity hydrogen at 50 atm and 350 • C for 8 h. HDS results show that the catalyst reduces the sulfur content of crude oil from 5.1% to 4.8%, despite the refractory species present in the Heavy Crude Oil-AGT-72. The catalytic nanoparticles in our study are aimed for applications in oil recovery into oil reservoirs [20][21][22][23]; however but some challenges persist such as: (i) a better crude oil-catalyst mixing, (ii) a close effective H 2 /hydrocarbon ratio and (iii) the influence or role of impurities and sulfidation as described by Afanasiev [24]. Mainly, for an optimal catalytic performance for cobalt-or nickel-promoted MoS 2 catalyst.…”

Section: In-situ Hydrodesulfurization Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Thermal-Stage Fitted-STEM Characterization of Spherical-Shaped Co/MoS2 Nanoparticles for Conversion of Heavy Crude Oils

et al. 2020

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We report the thermal stability of spherically shaped cobalt-promoted molybdenum disulfide (Co/MoS2) nano-catalysts from in-situ heating under electron irradiation in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) from room temperature to 550 °C ± 50 °C with aid of Fusion® holder (Protochip©, Inc.). The catalytic nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4·2H2O) with thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) and cobalt chloride (CoCl2) as promoter agent. The results indicate that the layered molybdenum disulfide structure with interplanar distance of ~0.62 nm remains stable even at temperatures of 550 °C, as observed in STEM mode. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to catalytic tests in a Robinson Mahoney Reactor using 30 g of Heavy Crude Oil (AGT-72) from the golden lane (Mexico’s east coast) at 50 atm using (ultrahigh purity) UHP hydrogen under 1000 rpm stirring at 350 °C for 8 h. It was found that there is no damage on the laminar stacking of Co/MoS2 with temperature, with interlayer spacing remaining at 0.62 nm; these sulfided catalytic materials led to aromatics rise of 22.65% and diminution of asphaltenes and resins by 15.87 and 3.53%, respectively.

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