In situ weathering rind erosion

Gordon, Steven R.; Dorn, Ronald I.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.06.011

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Given the Late Glacial age of rinds reported here and the 'armouring effect' achieved by extreme melting on impact early in their weathering history, it is likely that the mean values are an approximate measure of weathering since time zero (deposition in stillstand recessional moraines, c. 13-15 ka). Other researchers (Gordon 2005;Gordon & Dorn 2005) have pointed to microerosion processes as reducing rind thickness over time; when these processes are gauged against cosmogenic accumulation dates (where available), it is considered that (rind) thickness may present minimum ages since deposition, a subject fully discussed by Mahaney et al (2012a). Because rind measurements are usually presented as mean values it could be that plus and minus values measured in a standard population relate to armoured v. unarmoured clasts, the latter presenting prime exfoliation candidates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weathering records, in some cases, may correlate closely to the macroscale record in associated palaeosols and may not be confined to the terrestrial sphere, as forthcoming missions to Mars may profit from exploration of exposed surface clast or rock outcrops that may contain records of extreme longevity, perhaps dating to the origin of the planet (Mahaney et al 2012b). Moreover, in addition to chronometric indicators discussed by Gordon & Dorn (2005), weathering rinds offer archival information important in climate change, global warming, rock art preservation, and building conservation research.…”

Section: Weathering Rinds As Mirror Images Of Palaeosols: Examples Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weathering rinds as mirror images of palaeosols: examples from the Western Alps with correlation to Antarctica and Mars

Mahaney

Keiser

Krinsley

et al. 2013

JGS

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Weathering rinds have been used for decades as relative age indicators to differentiate glacial deposits in long Quaternary sequences, but only recently has it been shown that rinds contain long and extensive palaeoenvironmental records that often extend far beyond mere repositories of chemical weathering on both Earth and Mars. When compared with associated palaeosols in deposits of the same age, rinds often carry a zonal weathering record that can be correlated with palaeosol horizon characteristics, with respect to both abiotic and biotic parameters. As demonstrated with examples from the French and Italian Alps, rinds in coarse clastic sediment contain weathering zones that correlate closely with horizon development in associated palaeosols of presumed Late Glacial age. In addition to weathering histories in both rinds and palaeosols, considerable evidence exists to indicate that the black mat impact (12.8 ka) reached the European Alps, a connection with the younger Dryas readvance supported by both mineral and chemical composition. Preliminary metagenomic microbial analysis using density gradient gel electrophoresis suggests that the eubacterial microbial population found in at least one Ah palaeosol horizon associated with a rind impact site is different from that in other Late Glacial and younger Dryas surface palaeosol horizons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Weathering Rinds As Mirror Images Of Palaeosols: Examples Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering rinds as mirror images of palaeosols: examples from the Western Alps with correlation to Antarctica and Mars

Mahaney

Keiser

Krinsley

et al. 2013

JGS

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“…An extensive overview of previous studies on weathering rinds since the 1960s is given in [36]. Limitations and potential error sources such as erosion are discussed thoroughly in [37].…”

Section: Weathering Rind Thicknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Böhlert

Compeer

Egli

et al. 2011

TOGEOGJ

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To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP. Abstract: To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP.

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“…Several authors have noted the importance of micro-erosion in the formation and evolution of weathering rind (Etienne 2002;Gordon & Dorn 2005). It is highly probable that susceptibility of rind to micro-erosion is related to rock surface hardness, particularly since the latter is partially dependent on rock porosity (e.g.…”

Section: Controls On Cold Environment Weathering Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene microweathering rates and processes on ice-eroded bedrock, Røldal area, Hardangervidda, southern Norway

Nicholson

2009

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Post-glacial weathering of ice-eroded metamorphic bedrock was investigated in the Røldal area (608N) of the Hardangervidda Plateau in southern Norway. Quartz veins were used as reference surfaces to determine a mean post-glacial surface lowering rate of 0.55 mm ka 21 . Chemical characteristics of late-season runoff were determined for one catchment (Snøskar) and a chemical erosion rate of 4.9 t km 22 a 21 was obtained. A mean in situ fracture enlargement due to microweathering of 0.12 mm ka 21 was also determined. These rates are low, although comparable with similar environments in cold regions, and suggest that microweathering has had relatively little impact on Holocene landscape evolution. Weathering rind thickness was found to be less on fracture walls than on exposed bedrock surfaces, suggesting fractures have not played a significant role in microweathering. Observations of weathering morphology reveal a range of forms including shallow spalling, tafoni and pseudokarren, indicating locally intense weathering activity. Analysis of interrelationships between multiple weathering indices points to the importance of bedrock microweathering as a precursor to macro-breakdown and landform evolution. The research reasserts the importance of chemical activity in cold environments and the importance of moisture supply for effective microweathering.

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In situ weathering rind erosion

Cited by 38 publications

References 77 publications

Weathering rinds as mirror images of palaeosols: examples from the Western Alps with correlation to Antarctica and Mars

Weathering rinds as mirror images of palaeosols: examples from the Western Alps with correlation to Antarctica and Mars

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Holocene microweathering rates and processes on ice-eroded bedrock, Røldal area, Hardangervidda, southern Norway

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