In situ X-ray diffraction study of Co/Pd multilayers grown on Ta substrate during hydrogen loading

Mohanan, Senthilnathan; Smetanin, Maxim; Weißmüller, J.; Herr, U.

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.01.005

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[1][2][3] When a H2 molecule is adsorbed on the surface of bulk Pd, it dissociates into two H atoms which diffuse into the Pd lattice. 4 At room temperature, there are two phases of PdH, designated as α and β phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H2 absorption in Pd-based thin film structures has recently attracted significant interest due to their ability to store and release large quantities of H2 at room temperature. [1][2][3] When a H2 molecule is adsorbed on the surface of bulk Pd, it dissociates into two H atoms which diffuse into the Pd lattice. 4 At room temperature, there are two phases of PdH, designated as α and β phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of hydrogen/deuterium absorption on the magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayers

et al. 2011

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The effects of hydrogen (H2) and deuterium (D2) absorption were studied in two Co/Pd multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) using polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR). PNR was measured in an external magnetic field H applied in the plane of the sample with the magnetization M confined in the plane for 6.0 T and partially out of plane at 0.65 T. Nominal thicknesses of the Co and Pd layers were 2.5 Å and 21 Å, respectively. Because of these small values, the actual layer chemical composition, thickness, and interface roughness parameters were determined from the nuclear scattering length density profile and its derivative obtained from both x-ray reflectivity and PNR, and uncertainties were determined using Monte Carlo analysis. The PNR showed that although D2 absorption occurred throughout the samples, absorption in the multilayer stack was modest (0.02 D per Pd atom) and thus did not expand. Direct magnetometry showed that H2 absorption decreased the total M at saturation and increased the component of M in the plane of the sample when not at saturation. The PNR magnetic scattering length density revealed that the Pd layers in the multilayer stack were magnetized and that their magnetization was preferentially modified upon D2 absorption. In one sample, a modulation of M with twice the multilayer period was observed at 0.65 T, which increased upon D2 absorption. These results indicate that H2 or D2 absorption decreases both the PMA and total magnetization of the samples. The lack of measurable expansion during absorption 2 indicates that these changes are primarily governed by modification of the electronic structure of the material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydrogen/deuterium absorption on the magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayers

et al. 2011

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“…Such an XRD pattern is very typical of the Co-Pd thin films and can be both interpreted as Co/Pd multilayers or the Co-Pd alloy. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] The degree of intermixing between the Co and Pd layers might be evaluated via the small-angle XRD spectra shown in Figure 3. One peculiar feature attributive to the multilayer structure with rather sharp interfaces is a pronounced peak at 4-6 degrees [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] that some authors attribute to Bragg reflection from a multilayer film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic Topological Magnetic States in Thin Co/Pd Ferromagnetic Films

Dorokhin,

Ved,

Kalentyeva

et al. 2024

Annalen der Physik

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Thin ferromagnet/heavy metal multilayer films are considered as prospective media for a magnetic recording and Co/Pd films are a good example of such materials. In this work, the magnetic properties and micromagnetic structure of Co/Pd multilayer films are studied with different bilayer thicknesses ([Co(0.3 × t nm)/Pd(0.5 × t nm)]10), but with the same ratio Co versus Pd. Transmission electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction studies allow authors to suppose that the investigated films are highly mixed alloys. Magnetic force microscopy and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of various micromagnetic features in the films. Along with skyrmions that are well‐known magnetic topological artifacts some new features are revealed, which are interpreted as 360° domain walls, skyrmioniums and the combination of the above two. It is found that the type and density of micromagnetic features strongly depend on the bilayer thickness parameter (t). The effect is associated with the peculiarities of interfacial magnetic interactions in the samples with highly mixed interfaces. The tooling coefficient represents a useful tool of the electron beam evaporation technique enabling wide manipulation of micromagnetic particles, in particular, skyrmioniums that are currently considered a prospective media for current driven magnetic recording.

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“…In this work, stress was applied to the nanoparticles by increasing the volume of the substrate on which they have been deposited through loading it with hydrogen after the deposition process. This method has previously been successfully applied in the case of thin films of Ni, FeCo and Co/Pd [ 10 – 11 21 ]. Ta foils (thickness 200 μm) were used as substrates, which can be loaded with hydrogen up to concentrations of several 10% at quite low temperatures if a Pd coating is applied to the surface of the Ta [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Ta foil is much thicker than the Cu film, the expansion of the Ta foil occurs in the same way in the plane of the foil. The Cu film has to follow this expansion, which reflects itself in a contraction perpendicular to the film surface [ 21 ]. The observed shift of the Cu(111) peak from 2Θ = 43.383° to 43.421° corresponds to a contraction of ε z = −0.083%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of large mechanical stress on the magnetic properties of embedded Fe nanoparticles

Saranu¹,

Selve²,

Kaiser³

et al. 2011

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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SummaryMagnetic nanoparticles are promising candidates for next generation high density magnetic data storage devices. Data storage requires precise control of the magnetic properties of materials, in which the magnetic anisotropy plays a dominant role. Since the total magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy scales with the particle volume, the storage density in media composed of individual nanoparticles is limited by the onset of superparamagnetism. One solution to overcome this limitation is the use of materials with extremely large magneto-crystalline anisotropy. In this article, we follow an alternative approach by using magneto-elastic interactions to tailor the total effective magnetic anisotropy of the nanoparticles. By applying large biaxial stress to nanoparticles embedded in a non-magnetic film, it is demonstrated that a significant modification of the magnetic properties can be achieved. The stress is applied to the nanoparticles through expansion of the substrate during hydrogen loading. Experimental evidence for stress induced magnetic effects is presented based on temperature-dependent magnetization curves of superparamagnetic Fe particles. The results show the potential of the approach for adjusting the magnetic properties of nanoparticles, which is essential for application in future data storage media.

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In situ X-ray diffraction study of Co/Pd multilayers grown on Ta substrate during hydrogen loading

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of hydrogen/deuterium absorption on the magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayers

Effects of hydrogen/deuterium absorption on the magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayers

Exotic Topological Magnetic States in Thin Co/Pd Ferromagnetic Films

Effect of large mechanical stress on the magnetic properties of embedded Fe nanoparticles

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