In-Situ X-Ray Study of Carbon Coated LiFePO₄ for Li-Ion Battery in Different State of Charge

Abstract

This paper is focused on the structural characterization of commercially exploited carbon coated LiFePO4 cathode material in different state of charge. The material was measured inside of modified ECC-Opto-Std cell and X-ray characterization was performed using Rigaku Miniflex 600 HR diffractometer. The study compare two approaches used for characterization of electrodes in different state of charge: a) Fast galvanostatic mode with potential limitation typically used in the ex-situ characterizations and b) Operando measurement at slow galvanostatic charging (0.1 C). Lattice parameters and volume changes were evaluated by Rietveld refinement and results indicate that carbon coating of particles does not have any influence on the volume changes of materials. We found the full compliance of lattice parameters changes and therefore also volume changes with those reported for pure LFP material in other reported studies.

Experimental Considerations for Operando Metal‐Ion Battery Monitoring using X‐ray Techniques

“…[17] Finally, fit-for-purpose cells can be designed for reflection geometry, transmission geometry or even allow both. [25,26,[35][36][37][38][39][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] As will be discussed later, for such cells a Be window is required for reflection geometry, while other materials (aluminized polymer, glassy carbon etc.) can be used for transmission.…”

Post-synthetically modified metal–porphyrin framework GaTCPP for carbon dioxide adsorption and energy storage in Li–S batteries

“…[31][32][33] Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most widespread energy storage systems used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles (EVs), stationary energy storage and satellites. [34][35][36][37][38] Nevertheless, as energy storage requirements expand, the energy density and specic capacity of commercial Li-ion batteries currently in use are proving to be insufficient for future applications. One of the possible candidates to replace Li-ion batteries are lithium-sulphur (Li-S) batteries thanks to their high theoretical specic capacity of 1675 mA h g À1 , high energy density (2600 W h kg À1 ), natural abundance, and the low cost of sulphur.…”

Influence of Temperature and Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of Lithium Metal Anodes

“…Another method for investigating lithium deposition during cycling is insitu observation using special cell holders. Insitu observations in the ECC-Opto Stud, manufactured by EL-Cells GmbH (Hamburg, Germany), on battery cells were made in [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical analytics. Observations were made using Raman spectroscopy [27,31,32] and XRD [26,28,33] to observe changes in electrodes and SEI during aging.…”

“…Insitu observations in the ECC-Opto Stud, manufactured by EL-Cells GmbH (Hamburg, Germany), on battery cells were made in [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical analytics. Observations were made using Raman spectroscopy [27,31,32] and XRD [26,28,33] to observe changes in electrodes and SEI during aging. Merryweather et al [29] used the above-mentioned cell housing for optical interferometric scattering measurements to detect single-particle ion dynamics, and Rittweger et al [30] observed the reflectivity of cathodes during charge and discharge.…”