In-solution assembly of colloidal water

Snyder, Charles E.; Ong, Melissa; Velegol, Darrell

doi:10.1039/b810882j

Cited by 34 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Besides the one-patch model particles presented here, a wide variety of synthetic routes for colloids with more complex patterns of rough and smooth surfaces is readily available in literature (28,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). In particular, we emphasize that size, number and even the angle between patches can be controlled (38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface roughness directed self-assembly of patchy particles into colloidal micelles

Kraft

Smallenburg

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

332

314

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Colloidal particles with site-specific directional interactions, so called "patchy particles", are promising candidates for bottomup assembly routes towards complex structures with rationally designed properties. Here we present an experimental realization of patchy colloidal particles based on material independent depletion interaction and surface roughness. Curved, smooth patches on rough colloids are shown to be exclusively attractive due to their different overlap volumes. We discuss in detail the case of colloids with one patch that serves as a model for molecular surfactants both with respect to their geometry and their interactions. These one-patch particles assemble into clusters that resemble surfactant micelles with the smooth and attractive sides of the colloids located at the interior. We term these clusters "colloidal micelles". Direct Monte Carlo simulations starting from a homogeneous state give rise to cluster size distributions that are in good agreement with those found in experiments. Important differences with surfactant micelles originate from the colloidal character of our model system and are investigated by simulations and addressed theoretically. Our new "patchy" model system opens up the possibility for self-assembly studies into finite-sized superstructures as well as crystals with as of yet inaccessible structures.anisotropic colloids | depletion interactions | Monte-Carlo simulations N ature has mastered the self-assembly of simple basic subunits into complex, functional structures with outstanding precision. Examples include biological membranes and viruses, which exhibit excellent control over the assembled structures with respect to their functionalities, shapes or sizes. However, the interactions between the building blocks, in the case of viruses, the protein subunits, are often complex and it remains challenging to identify the key elements for guiding and controlling the selfassembling process. By mimicking such self-assembly processes on a colloidal scale, insights into the paramount elements that control the assembly can be obtained in situ and applied to build up superstructures with new and desirable properties.Colloidal particles with site-specific directional interactions, so called "patchy particles", are promising candidates for bottom-up assembly routes towards such complex structures with rationally designed properties (1-3). The size and geometry of the patches together with the shape of the interparticle potential are expected to determine the formed structures and phases, which may range from empty liquids (4) and crystals (5-7) to finite-sized clusters (1, 2, 8-11), and lead to novel collective behavior (12).Recent experimental approaches to assemble colloidal particles at specific sites include hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions (6,7,(13)(14)(15), and lock-and-key recognition mechanisms (16). With a wide variability of colloidal shapes available today, the ultimate challenge is to identify general methods to render specific areas of the colloids attractive or ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface roughness directed self-assembly of patchy particles into colloidal micelles

Kraft

Smallenburg

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

332

314

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“…The first layer is made up of 10 nm sulfate polystyrene (PS) particles, followed by a layer of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) adsorbed onto them, followed by adsorption of a second layer of 84 nm sulfate latex PS particles onto the PAH layer. [9] In a recent publication, [1] this method was used to assemble colloidal water molecules in aqueous solution.…”

Section: Particle Lithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This limitation may be addressed by the use of colloidal crystals for particle lithography [91] or by lithographing particles by other particles. [1] Also, the timescales required for each step are still considerable and complex base-surface geometries are often needed for creating multi-patch particles.…”

Section: Particle Lithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide variety of anisotropic particles with diverse anisotropy in size, shape [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and chemical functionality [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has been explored. Within such a large diversity of anisotropic particles, significant attention has been given lately to the study of surface-anisotropic particles, that is, particles exhibiting multiple surface functionalities, while often having an isotropic polymer core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication, Assembly, and Application of Patchy Particles

Pawar

Kretzschmar

2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

450

411

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The site‐specific engineering of colloidal surfaces has provided a powerful approach to pushing the boundaries of today's materials research. The resulting surface‐anisotropic and patchy particles have become the center of vital research areas, ranging from the need for large‐scale fabrication techniques to exploring new applications of these materials. This Review summarizes patchy particle fabrication techniques, including but not limited to particle and nanosphere lithography and glancing‐angle deposition. The variety of existing patchy particle fabrication techniques is revealed and the need for a scalable approach to high‐volume patchy particle production is identified. Ongoing modeling efforts describing patchy particle interactions and properties are reviewed as potential predictive tools. Research endeavors that deal with the directed assembly of patchy particles in electric and magnetic fields, as well as with supraparticular assembly through chemical interactions, are discussed. The Review is concluded with a note on the future application of patchy particles as phoretic motors.magnified image

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“…[1][2][3] As synthesis techniques have increased in sophistication, colloids have also been used as mimics for more complicated molecular systems. [4][5][6] Recently, the development of colloidal polymers (long chains of linked nano or micron-sized particles that are analogous to linear polymer molecules) has generated interest. [7][8][9][10] Colloidal polymer systems have multiple advantages, including being small enough to be influenced by Brownian forces yet large enough to enable studies with 'single molecules' using ordinary light microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directing Assembly of DNA-Coated Colloids with Magnetic Fields To Generate Rigid, Semiflexible, and Flexible Chains

et al. 2014

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We report the formation of colloidal macromolecules consisting of chains of micron-sized paramagnetic particles assembled using a magnetic field and linked with DNA. The interparticle spacing and chain flexibility was controlled by varying the magnetic field strength and the linker spring constant. Variations in the DNA lengths allowed for the generation of chains with an improved range of flexibility, as compared to previous studies. These chains adopted the rigid-rod, semi-flexible, and flexible conformations that are characteristic of linear polymer systems. These assembly techniques were investigated to determine the effects of the nanoscale DNA linker properties on the properties of the microscale colloidal chains. With stiff DNA linkers (564 base pairs) the chains were only stable at moderate to high field strengths and produced rigid chains. For flexible DNA linkers (8000 base pairs), high magnetic field strengths caused the linkers to be excluded from the gap between the particles, leading to a transition from very flexible chains at low field strengths to semi-flexible chains at high field strengths. In the intermediate range of linker sizes, the chains exhibited predictable behavior, demonstrating increased flexibility with longer DNA linker length or smaller linking field strengths. This study provides insight into the process of directed assembly using magnetic fields and DNA by precisely tuning the components to generate colloidal analogues of linear macromolecular chains.

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In-solution assembly of colloidal water

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Surface roughness directed self-assembly of patchy particles into colloidal micelles

Surface roughness directed self-assembly of patchy particles into colloidal micelles

Fabrication, Assembly, and Application of Patchy Particles

Directing Assembly of DNA-Coated Colloids with Magnetic Fields To Generate Rigid, Semiflexible, and Flexible Chains

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