“…Most of the previous research on in-store signage has focused on sales (Chevalier, 1975;McKinnon et al, 1981;Patton, 1981;Woodside & Waddle, 1975), field observations (Yim et al, 2010, Study 1), recall (Bennett, 1998;Russell, 2009;Yim et al, 2010, Study 2), and qualitative approaches, including self-reported perception (Bava et al, 2009;Müller et al, 2009;Newman et al, 2010). An important limitation in studies based on sales, field observations, or self-reporting is the absence of explicit measures of customers' visual attention toward the signage material.…”