In the Aftermath of Disasters: The Impact on Women’s Health

Goodman, Annekathryn

doi:10.21767/2471-9803.100037

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Women are considered in the highly vulnerable category compared to the men because of less mobility, care, and income, which make it difficult to deal with and recover easily from disasters [23,28,35]. In regions where maternal mortality rates [36] or child mortality rates are higher [30], flood vulnerability is also higher by proposing a socio-economic disadvantaged area. The proportion of children to household members in an economically active age group is one of the limiting factors in satisfying daily household requirements (e.g., food), is a significant indicator [37] for flood vulnerability assessment.…”

Section: Indicators Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Vulnerability Assessment through Different Methodological Approaches in the Context of North-West Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Nazeer

Bork

2019

Sustainability

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There are several approaches to assess flood vulnerability as a proactive measure to reduce the risk of flooding. The indicator-based approach is primarily practiced from a policy point of view through the use of composite indicators. Composite indicators can be built from very easy to very complex and sophisticated methods. However, there are two complications that arise with this issue. On the one hand, the flood vulnerability index should be fairly simple, taking into account the interdisciplinary nature of various stakeholders involved in flood risk management. While on the other hand, addressing the issue of subjectivity or prejudice should be scientifically defensible. As there is no a single universally “best” methodological approach for the construction of composite indicator due to its data-specific nature for each individual study. The aim of this study is therefore to construct such an index of flood vulnerability that is not only intuitive to a variety of stakeholders, but also scientifically justified in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Therefore, the current study demonstrated a detailed procedure to construct the flood vulnerability indices through different methodological approaches of data rescaling, weighting, and aggregation schemes, along with a fairly simple approach for robustness. For this purpose, data was collected through different (official) portals for the nine highly flood-prone districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was found that the weighting schemes had a greater influence on the flood vulnerability ranking of the selected districts compared to data rescaling and aggregation schemes. The simple model, which is the frequently using approach of building composite indicators in scientific community, was found to be appropriate for the selected data. The methodology adopted in the study can provide decision-makers and relevant authorities with a practical tool to identify and prioritize certain vulnerable areas and measures to mitigate current flood vulnerabilities while preparing for future flood risk mitigation in the province through a fairly simple and methodologically defensible approach.

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Section: Indicators Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Vulnerability Assessment through Different Methodological Approaches in the Context of North-West Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Nazeer

Bork

2019

Sustainability

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“…As a result, mortality and morbidity among women and children are increased because of an increased risk for the development of malnutrition and a wide range of infections as well as communicable and water‐borne diseases (Olwedo, Mworozi, Bachou, & Orach, ; Rimawi, Mirdamadi, & John, ). A significant rise in mortality and morbidity is reported in the context of low‐income countries as compared to their counterparts (Goodman, ). During forced displacement, women are often the caretakers who face the tremendous burden of looking after their own health as well as that of their close family members who may be injured or sick (Hirani, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lack of availability, accessibility, and affordability of maternal and child healthcare services is another major challenge that increases mortality and morbidity among women and children. Displaced women are three times more likely to die during childbirth due to unavailability of reproductive health services (Asif, Baugh, & Jones, ; Goodman, ; Hirani & Kenner, ). The traumatic event of displacement, the stress of migration, and anxieties of resettlement increase the risk for premature labor (Liu, Urquia, Cnattingius, & Hjern, ) and fetal growth failure among pregnant women (Sanguanklin et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Child Health During Forced Displacement

Hirani

Richter

2019

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Purpose To discuss the effects of forced displacement on maternal and child health, highlight the major pitfalls in delivering humanitarian services to this vulnerable group, and underscore the need for multilayered interventions to improve health, protect rights, and reduce vulnerabilities during forced displacements. Methods A comprehensive literature search was undertaken from databases including Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ProQuest. No restrictions were placed on geographical region, type, and year of publication. The key words used were displacement, children, women, health, challenges, disaster response, emergency medicine, terrorism, maladjustment, morbidity, disaster response, cultural sensitivity, and interventions. Conclusions Forced displacement negatively affects maternal and child health. The key challenges during forced displacement include food insecurity, lack of shelter, unavailability of clean water and sanitation, poor infrastructure of healthcare services, unavailability of birth attendants and healthcare professionals to manage medical emergencies, inaccessibility to educational and training facilities, and lack of cultural sensitivity of humanitarian workers. The ultimate outcome of forced displacement is a sudden rise in maternal and child mortality and morbidity, maladjustment, psychological issues, altered familial roles, displaced parenting, and vulnerability to exploitation. In view of Bronfenbrenner's socio‐ecological framework, multilayered interventions are proposed to improve maternal and child health during forced displacements. Clinical Relevance In view of the effects of forced displacement on maternal and child health and considering the major pitfalls in the delivery of humanitarian services to this vulnerable group, the proposed multilayered interventions can improve health, protect rights, and reduce vulnerabilities surrounding maternal and child health during forced displacements.

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“…In addition, the clinical stage of cervical cancer at diagnosis was significantly higher after the hurricane than before the hurricane [14]. Women's health hazards such as abnormal menstrual cycles, pelvic inflammation, and lower genital tract infections after disasters also have been reported in various countries [15][16][17][18][19]. Although the failure of health management is considered to lead to long-term health risks, the cervical cancer screening rate (CCS-R) after a disaster remains unexamined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer screening rates before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake in the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan

et al. 2020

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After disasters, issues pertaining to women's health such as irregular periods and bleeding are well surveyed. However, the management of women's health, especially changes in the rate of health checkups, has not been investigated. In the present study, we focused on the change in the cervical cancer screening rates (CCS-Rs) before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The earthquake had a magnitude of 9.0, a profound disaster. We examined the CCS-R from 2009 to 2016 in 45 areas of the Miyagi Prefecture. Screening was completed using mobile vans. In the 4 areas impacted by the tsunami after the earthquake, a marked decrease in the CCS-R was observed in 2011 when the earthquake took place (more than a 3% decrease compared with that in the previous year). The CCS-Rs in these 4 regions remained lower in 2016 than in the previous year. In 2009-2016 except for 2014, CCS-Rs in coastal areas (9 areas) were significantly lower than those in the non-coastal areas (36 areas). A delay in seeking healthcare, also known as "patient's delay," is considered as one of the problems of cancer treatment in affected areas. It is possible that a decrease in the CCS-R may lead to low detection of advanced stages of cancer. Therefore, the establishment of a comprehensive medical system including medical screening after a disaster is important for the management of women's health.

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In the Aftermath of Disasters: The Impact on Women’s Health

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Flood Vulnerability Assessment through Different Methodological Approaches in the Context of North-West Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Flood Vulnerability Assessment through Different Methodological Approaches in the Context of North-West Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Maternal and Child Health During Forced Displacement

Cervical cancer screening rates before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake in the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan

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