In-utero exposure to aflatoxin in West Africa

Wild, Christopher P.; Rasheed, F.N.; Jawla, Muhammed; Hall, Andrew J.; Jansen, L.A.M.; Montesano, Ruggero

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93295-k

Cited by 90 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Compared to other studies conducted in SSA; the levels of AFM1 detected in samples from Cameroon (0.06-4.7 ng/mL) were 80-fold lower than levels reported in samples from Gambia (0.1-374 ng/mL) (Wild et al, 1991). Studies conducted in Europe have always shown low urinary levels of AFM1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2013

Environment International

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2013

Environment International

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“…Studies utilizing the urinary aflatoxin-DNA adduct have demonstrated that aflatoxin-exposed individuals who are also infected with the hepatitis B virus are at particularly high risk for cancer (18). The aflatoxin-albumin adduct has been measured in fetal cord blood at levels that were different than in maternal blood (19). This suggests that the fetal liver is able to metabolize aflatoxin, which results in carcinogenic exposure to fetal liver cells.…”

Section: Application Of Biomarker Study Designs For Childrenmentioning

confidence: 86%

Approaches to environmental exposure assessment in children.

Weaver

Buckley

Groopman

1998

Environ Health Perspect

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An improved understanding of the contribution made by environmental exposures to disease burden in children is essential, given current increasing rates of childhood illnesses such asthma and cancer. Children must be routinely included in environmental research. Exposure assessment, both external (e.g., air, water) and internal dose (e.g., biomarkers), is an integral component of such research. Biomarker measurement has some advantages that are unique in children. These include assessment of potentially increased absorption because of behaviors that differ from adults (i.e., hand-to-mouth activity); metabolite measurement, which can help identify age-related susceptibility differences; and improved assessment of dermal exposure, an important exposure route in children. Environmental exposure assessment in children will require adaption of techniques that are currently applied in adult studies as well as development of tools and validation of strategies that are unique for children. Designs that focus on parent-child study units provide adult comparison data and allow the parent to assist with more complex study designs. Use of equipment that is sized appropriately for children, such as small air pumps and badge monitors, is also important. When biomarkers are used, biologic specimens that can be obtained noninvasively are preferable. Although the current need is primarily for small focused studies to address specific questions and optimize research tools, the future will require establishment of large prospective cohorts. Urban children are an important study cohort because of relatively high morbidity observed in the urban environment. Finally, examples of completed or possible future studies utilizing these techniques are discussed for specific exposures such as benzene, environmental tobacco smoke, aflatoxin, volatile organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. -Environ Health Perspect 106(Suppl 3):827-832 (1998).

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“…In the latter case, metabolism ofaflatoxin by the mother reduces the child's exposure to less than 1% of the mothers dietary intake (29), and the metabolites found in the milk, although carcinogenic, are less so than AFB, (30). Recently it was also demonstrated that transplacental exposure to aflatoxin occurs in this population with levels ofaflatoxin-albumin adduct in umbilical cord blood being 5-10 times lower than in the mothers' venous blood at the time ofdelivery (31). This in utero exposure to a mutagen, as well as exposure soon after birth, could be particularly relevant because the putative stem cell population ("oval cells") could be mutated during the period of liver cell differentiation (32).…”

Section: Aflatoxin-albumin Adducts In Human Seramentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dosimetry of Aflatoxin Exposure: Contribution to Understanding the Multifactorial Etiopathogenesis of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Particular Reference to Hepatitis B Virus

Wild¹,

Jansen²,

Cova³

et al. 1993

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Aflatoxin exposure and hepatitis B virus infection have been implicated as major risk factors for primary hepatoceOlular carcinoma (PHC) in high-incidence regions ofthe world. Investigations using the assay ofaflatoxin bound to peripheral blood albumin have shown that exposure can occur throughout the life spanofthe individual, including during the perinatal period, in high-incidence areas such as The Gambia, Senegal, Kenya, and The People's Republic of China. The possibility of measuring aflatoxin exposure at the individual level permits an investigation ofthe putative mechanisms ofinteraction of this carcinogen with HBV in the etiopathogenesis of PHC. Aninal models, e.g., Pekin duck and HBV-transgenic mice, have also been used to study these questions, and the available data are reviewed.

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In-utero exposure to aflatoxin in West Africa

Cited by 90 publications

References 4 publications

Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon

Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon

Approaches to environmental exposure assessment in children.

Molecular Dosimetry of Aflatoxin Exposure: Contribution to Understanding the Multifactorial Etiopathogenesis of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Particular Reference to Hepatitis B Virus

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