In-vehicle ultrafine and fine particulate matter exposures during commuting in a South Asian megacity: Dhaka, Bangladesh

Saha, Provat K.; Ashik–Un-Noor, Shaikh; Robinson, Allen L.; Presto, Albert A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120340

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Most participants in our full study (n = 23, 92%) did not report traveling with their windows down. Ventilation decisions, for example, window or air conditioning use, can impact in-vehicle pollution concentrations [16,21,29,[60][61][62][63][64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Associations of Road Density and Road Features with In-Vehicle PM2.5 during Daily Trips in the Washington, D.C. Metro Area

Krall,

Thornburg,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environments

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Increased daily exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is associated with increased morbidity, yet high exposures over shorter timeframes (e.g., hourly) may also play a role. Transportation is a milieu for increased transient pollution exposures. Both the road traveled and nearby roadways (i.e., surrounding road density) may play a role in increased PM2.5 exposure during commutes. For 2311 min of commutes, corresponding to 25 participants, we obtained in-vehicle PM2.5 exposures using personal monitors and, through GPS data, road features, including road density and road type (e.g., highway vs. local roads). We considered the density of both the surrounding highways and the local roads at 500 m and 1000 m resolutions. We estimated associations of road features with minute-averaged in-vehicle PM2.5 by applying linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts and autoregressive errors. The difference in log PM2.5, comparing the highest vs. lowest quartile of highway road density at 1 km resolution, was 0.09 log μg/m3 (95% confidence interval: 0, 0.19), which was similar to the difference between driving on highways vs. local roads (0.07 log μg/m3 (95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.14)). Estimated differences were attenuated for local road density and 500 m resolution. The results were robust to adjustment for meteorology and ambient PM2.5. Unlike road features such as speed and road type, the surrounding road density is less modifiable during transportation. Therefore, road choice may not have a large impact on personal PM2.5 exposures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Associations of Road Density and Road Features with In-Vehicle PM2.5 during Daily Trips in the Washington, D.C. Metro Area

Krall,

Thornburg,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environments

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Cost-effective control of air pollution in South Asia: modeling and policy applications

Purohit,

Kiesewetter,

Schöpp

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Air pollution poses a critical environmental challenge to sustainability, environmental health and public well-being in the South Asia Region (SAR). This study identifies hotspots of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) across SAR, analyzing both concentration levels and exposure. Moreover, it aims at a comprehensive understanding of the various sources of air pollution in these critical areas and a systematic evaluation of the costs and benefits of relevant policy actions, utilizing the GAINS modeling framework. A wide variety of sources contribute to PM2.5 levels in ambient air, and effective air quality management requires a balance of measures across these sources. Current environmental policies, while effective in decoupling emissions from economic growth in SAR, are insufficient to achieve significant reductions in ambient PM2.5 concentrations. However, considerable scope exists for further measures beyond current policies that could help to bring the WHO Interim Targets (IT-1) for PM2.5 closer. Finally, it is shown that cost-optimal strategies for air quality management can achieve significant cost savings compared to conventional approaches; however, they require collaboration between states, regions and countries in South Asia.

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In-vehicle ultrafine and fine particulate matter exposures during commuting in a South Asian megacity: Dhaka, Bangladesh

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Short-Term Associations of Road Density and Road Features with In-Vehicle PM2.5 during Daily Trips in the Washington, D.C. Metro Area

Short-Term Associations of Road Density and Road Features with In-Vehicle PM2.5 during Daily Trips in the Washington, D.C. Metro Area

Cost-effective control of air pollution in South Asia: modeling and policy applications

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