In-vehicle VOCs composition of unconditioned, newly produced cars

Brodzik, Krzysztof; Faber, J.; Łomankiewicz, Damian; Gołda-Kopek, Anna

doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60459-3

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…ASD is about 4 times more common among boys than girls [5]. In the last two decades, the most recent studies reported that, the prevalence of ASD increased dramatically [6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollutants reinforce autism–like behavior in the VPA-Induced – rat model of autism

Emam

Shahsavani

Khodagholi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Studies reporting associations between ambient air pollution exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have increased. Additionally, the effects of valproic acid (VPA) on ASD have been investigated. Pregnant women may have been simultaneously exposed to air pollution and antiepileptic drugs especially VPA. Thus, we hypothesized that simultaneous exposure to air pollution and valproic acid could reinforce ASD ̉s behaviors in male rats. The current in-vivo study investigated the dual effects of air pollution on the VPA-induced rat model of autism using molecular and behavioral experiments.Results: Seven exposure groups of rats included: 1) particulate matter and gaseous pollutants exposed - high dose of VPA (PGE-high), 2) particulate matter and gaseous pollutants exposed - low dose of VPA (PGE-low), 3) gaseous pollutants only exposed – high dose of VPA (GE-high), 4) gaseous pollutants only exposed –low dose of VPA (GE-low), 5) clean air exposed – high dose of VPA (CAE-high), 6) clean air exposed – low dose of VPA (CAE-low), 7) clean air exposed with no VPA injection (CAE). Rats were exposed to ambient PM2.5/gaseous pollutants from embryonic day (E0) to postnatal day (PND42). Exposures to air pollutants in PGE-high, PGE-low, GE-high and GE-low groups of rat increased the ASD behaviors including: poor locomotor activity, weaker exploration activity, impaired social interaction, communication, and repetitive/restricted behavior as well as decreased oxidative stress biomarkers like catalase (CAT) activity and GSH, and decreased level of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) compared to the negative control group (CAE) and the other two control group (CAE-low and CAE-high).Conclusions: This study suggested that simultaneous exposure to both air pollution and valproic acid contributed to ASD, and air pollution reinforces the mechanism of inducing ASD ̉s in VPA-induced –rat model of autism, and it has provided a future field of studies on the synergistic effects of air pollution

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“…ASD is about 4 times more common among boys than girls [5]. In the last two decades, the most recent studies reported that, the prevalence of ASD increased dramatically [6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollutants reinforce autism–like behavior in the VPA-Induced – rat model of autism

Emam

Shahsavani

Khodagholi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In general, the inside of an automobile is a confined and often shared space, and several reports in the past decade indicate that its occupants thus face a higher risk of exposure to a variety of airborne infectious agents [1–3], allergens [4], endotoxins [5], and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs [6]) alone or in various combinations with possible harm to health. This is at a time when the global number of automobiles on the road is at an unprecedented level (International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, OICA; 2015; http://www.fourin.com/english/info/oica.html) while ongoing societal changes also are increasing our exposure and vulnerability to infectious agents in general [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Infectious Agents and Other Pollutants in Automobiles for Domestic Use: Potential Health Impacts and Approaches to Risk Mitigation

Sattar

Wright

Zargar

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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The world total of passenger cars is expected to go from the current one billion to >2.5 billion by 2050. Cars for domestic use account for ~74% of the world's yearly production of motorized vehicles. In North America, ~80% of the commuters use their own car with another 5.6% travelling as passengers. With the current life-expectancy of 78.6 years, the average North American spends 4.3 years driving a car! This equates to driving 101 minutes/day with a lifetime driving distance of nearly 1.3 million km inside the confined and often shared space of the car with exposure to a mix of potentially harmful pathogens, allergens, endotoxins, particulates, and volatile organics. Such risks may increase in proportion to the unprecedented upsurge in the numbers of family cars globally. Though new technologies may reduce the levels of air pollution from car exhausts and other sources, they are unlikely to impact our in-car exposure to pathogens. Can commercial in-car air decontamination devices reduce the risk from airborne infections and other pollutants? We lack scientifically rigorous protocols to verify the claims of such devices. Here we discuss the essentials of a customized aerobiology facility and test protocols to assess such devices under field-relevant conditions.

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“…For example, floor carpets may be one of the sources of styrene emission (Grabbs et al, 2000), while 1-butanol and 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol are characteristic for interiors with different plastics, rubbers and resins (Yoshida et al, 2006b). The influence of interior equipment on in-vehicle air quality as well as the differences in materials used on VOCs concentrations were described by Brodzik et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of identified compounds depended on vehicle model and equipment, and ranged between 57 and 103 compounds. Brodzik et al (2014) investigated air composition in nine new vehicles of the same model, but with different interior equipment. Differences in materials used to finish vehicle's cabin affected the number of organic compounds emitted, which ranged from 139 to 210.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In various vehicles, Faber et al (2013b) identified aliphatic compounds to be the main group of pollutants. In tested vehicles, Brodzik et al (2014) found that the main compounds were undecane, isomers of xylene and toluene. Chien (2007) reported that intra-model variability in VOC concentration was at an average level of 47%, while VOCs between different brands varied within 95%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Air Pollution by VOCs Inside the Cabins of New Vehicles

Faber¹,

Brodzik²,

Gołda-Kopek³

et al. 2014

ENRR

Self Cite

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Air composition inside the cabins of nine new vehicles of the same model, but with different interior equipments and materials used, was examined. Air samples were collected short after vehicles' production date. None of the vehicle was driven before sampling. Air pollution was assessed on the basis of the concentration of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total VOC. Since only new vehicles were under study, it can be stated that different VOCs, present in vehicle cabin, were emitted from interior materials. The main aim of the present work was to answer the question about the representativeness of collected air samples and intra-model variability of VOCs concentrations. Air samples were collected by an active method onto duplicate Carbograph 1TD and Tenax TA sorbents. VOCs were thermally desorbed and analyzed with the use of the TD-GC-FID/MS method. Quantitative and qualitative analyses as well as statistical calculations were performed. Total VOCs concentration ranged from 1.5 to 2.1 mg/m 3 in vehicles tested. About 200 different organic compounds were detected in each vehicle interior. Strong linear correlation was observed for concentrations of some kind of compounds.

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In-vehicle VOCs composition of unconditioned, newly produced cars

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

Air pollutants reinforce autism–like behavior in the VPA-Induced – rat model of autism

Air pollutants reinforce autism–like behavior in the VPA-Induced – rat model of autism

Airborne Infectious Agents and Other Pollutants in Automobiles for Domestic Use: Potential Health Impacts and Approaches to Risk Mitigation

Comparison of Air Pollution by VOCs Inside the Cabins of New Vehicles

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