In vitro acaricidal activity of Bobgunnia madagascariensis Desv. against Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the acaricidal properties of Bobgunnia madagascariensis (Desv.) J.H. Kirkbr. and Wiersema (Leguminosae) against adult Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius) ticks, using Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. (Leguminosae) as a positive control. Plant extracts of both were prepared using methanol, acetone and chloroform as extraction solvents. Methanol leaf extracts of T. vogelii (0.014 g) and methanol fruit extracts of B. madagascariensis (0.0062 g) gave the highest mean extraction weights among the plant parts and solvents used. In free contact bioassays, only methanol extracts of the bark and leaf material of T. vogelii and methanol fruit extracts of B. madagascariensis produced 100 % mortality of A. variegatum ticks in 24 h. The acaricidal activity of methanol leaf extracts of T. vogelii persisted for up to 8 days while that of fruit extracts of B. madagascariensis persisted for only 6 days. In topical application bioassays, the toxicity of T. vogelii and B. madagascariensis extracts was found to be significantly different at 95 % confidence level, with B. madagascariensis extracts (LD50 0.030 w/v) being more toxic than T. vogelii extracts (LD50 0.555 w/v). This study has shown that plant extracts of B. madagascariensis and T. vogelii extracts have significant in vitro acaricidal activity against A. variegatum ticks and can thus be considered as alternatives for tick control. Further research is however required on persistence, safety and the required application rates.

Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance

“…Many species of plants have been evaluated for acaricidal activity, with the species studied mainly being members of the families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Piperaceae and Asteraceae (Borges et al 2011 ; Muyobela et al 2016 ; Dantas et al 2016 ). Some studies have identified secondary metabolites (terpenes, stilbenes, coumarins, alcohols, acids, sulfurated compounds and aldehydes) of essential oils and plant extracts, associated with acaricidal effects against the genera Amblyomma , Rhipicephalus , Hyalomma , Dermacentor , Argas and Ixodes (Pamo et al 2005 ; Cetin et al 2010 ).…”

Pesticidal plants in Africa: A global vision of new biological control products from local uses

“…For example, many plant species known in Africa for their insecticidal properties are also reported to be used for poisoning fish (Neuwinger 2004) including many species in the Leguminosae. The toxicity of these species is often associated with saponins and rotenoids and many of these species have bioactivity against pest insects or are used in pest management, including Tephrosia vogelii (Stevenson et al 2012 (Muyobela et al 2016, Sarasan et al 2011Stevenson et al 2009). Consequently great care must be taken in deploying plants for pest management that have potential toxicity to aquatic fauna; in some regions, their use may need to be restricted in proximity to waterways.…”

The First Study for The Acaricidal Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris and Funaria hygrometric against Argas persicus

“…Whereas, various alcoholic extracts (ethanolic and methanolic) of different parts for numerous plants, e.g. Acmella oleracea, Ageratum conyzoides, Aloe rupestris, Argemone mexicana, Artemisia absinthium, Berberis tinctoria, Caesalpinia gaumeri, Cissus quadrangularis, Clematis brachiata, Cleome gynandra, Dalbergia sissoo, Datura metel, D. stramonium, Dodonaea viscose, Eupatorium adenophorum, Euphorbia rothiana, Neoglaziovia variegata, Ficus sycomorus, Lobelia leschenaultiana, Monsonia angustifolia, Pelargonium luridium, Semecarpus anacardium, Solanum sisymbrifolium, Strobilanthes foliosus, Schkuhria pinnata, Sclerocarya birrea and Tabernaemontana elegans…..etc., recorded 10-100% efficiency against hard ticks within 24 hours to 14 days of treatment (Dantas et al, 2015;Ghosh et al, 2015a, b;Godara et al, 2015Godara et al, , 2018Banumathi et al, 2016;Cruz et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2016;Muyobela et al, 2016;Singh et al, 2016;Anholeto et al, 2017;Rosado-Aguilar et al, 2017;Fouche et al, 2017Fouche et al, , 2019Vasconcelos et al, 2018;Figueiredo et al, 2019;Politi et al, 2019;Kemal et al, 2020;Upadhaya et al, 2020). Notably, the ticks killing activity of all extracts increases with increasing concentration and exposure time (Kemal et al, 2020).…”