In Vitro Activities of Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporins against Nonmeningeal Isolates of
            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>
            : MIC Interpretation Using NCCLS M100-S12 Recommendations

Sahm, Daniel F.; Thornsberry, Clyde; Mayfield, David C.; Jones, Mark; Karlowsky, James A.

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.2.669-674.2002

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Publication of the NCCLS M100-S12 [17] document in January 2002, introduced ceftriaxone and cefotaxime MIC interpretative breakpoints of ≤1 mg/l (S), 2 mg/l (I), and ≥4 mg/l (R) for extra-meningeal isolates of S. pneumoniae [17]. Using extra-meningeal pneumococcal isolate (blood and respiratory) data from The Surveillance Network Database-USA for the years 1996-2000, Sahm et al [20] reported the effect of these breakpoint changes on clinical laboratory susceptibility testing results. Of 9863 non-meningeal isolates tested against ceftriaxone, 82.7% were susceptible, 13.2% were intermediate and 4.1% were resistant by the M100-S11 NCCLS breakpoints (2001).…”

Section: Recognition Of the Growing Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-acquired pneumonia: new management strategies for evolving pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities

Klugman

Low

Metlay

et al. 2004

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Recognition Of the Growing Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-acquired pneumonia: new management strategies for evolving pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities

Klugman

Low

Metlay

et al. 2004

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…All MIC results were obtained by using NCCLS reference methods (3) in a central monitoring laboratory with all quality control determinations within specified limits (5). Table 1 compares the susceptibility rates of all of the antimicrobial agents by year of sampling, as well as by using summary data from Sahm et al (7). The data show a clear trend toward decreasing susceptibility rates over the 5-year period for all of the agents except vancomycin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These were consecutive prevalence study strains without preselection bias (7). The susceptibility criteria from M100-S11 and M100-S12 were identical for penicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin (4,5) and also remained unchanged for cefuroxime sodium (Յ0.5 g/ml).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Modified Nonmeningeal Streptococcus pneumoniae Interpretive Criteria (NCCLS M100-S12) on the Susceptibility Patterns of Five Parenteral Cephalosporins: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997 to 2001)

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The revised interpretive criteria for Streptococcus pneumoniae recently published in the NCCLS M100-S12 informational supplement provide two sets of breakpoints for some cephalosporins: one set for meningeal infection isolates and a new set for nonmeningeal infection isolates. The net effect of these changes was to increase the reported rates of susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to the more active parenteral cephalosporins, such as cefepime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone, by 9.1 to 13.0%, bringing their in vitro rates much closer to those of amoxicillin (modified in an earlier NCCLS publication). These revised breakpoints will assist the rational prescribing of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of pneumococcal infections for specific types of infection and establish a greater correlation with clinical outcomes.The revised interpretive MIC breakpoints for Streptococcus pneumoniae in NCCLS document M100-S10 (3) resulted in an anomalous situation in which more isolates would be reported as intermediate or resistant to broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporins than to orally administered amoxicillin despite the twofold greater potency of agents such as ceftriaxone (6) and their superior bioavailability. This inconsistency was caused because the amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate breakpoints were based on their use in nonmeningeal infections, while those of the cephalosporins were set conservatively on the basis of their use in meningeal infections with limited associated bioavailability (4). Recently revised guidelines provide interpretive MIC breakpoints for some parenterally delivered cephalosporins for both meningeal and nonmeningeal (example: pneumonia with or without bacteremia) isolates of S. pneumoniae (5).By using data covering the period of 1996 to 2000 from their surveillance network database, Sahm and colleagues (7) have estimated that the new guidelines will reduce the number of isolates reported as either intermediate or resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone by 10% and 3 to 4%, respectively. However, other clinically usable parenteral cephalosporins were not addressed, including cefepime, a relatively new cephalosporin with an extended spectrum of activity that includes many species resistant to cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. Using fiveyear results (1997 to 2001) for the United States from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, we were able to compare the rates of susceptibility to five cephalosporins (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime), penicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin by applying the M100-S11 (4) and M100-S12 (5) criteria for nonmeningeal isolates of S. pneumoniae.A total of 7,938 nonmeningeal infection isolates were selected for the period of 1997 to 2001 from the U.S. region of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. These were consecutive prevalence study strains without preselection bias (7). The susceptibility criteria from M100-S11 and M100-S12 were identical for penicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin (4, 5) and also remained unchanged for...

show abstract

“…These differences were generally of one doubling dilution and were attributable to lower ceftriaxone MICs than cefotaxime MICs for penicillin-resistant isolates. Given that ceftriaxone and cefotaxime MICs and MIC interpretations are rarely reported together, the prevalence of such phenotypes is largely unknown (8,13,21,25). Available data suggest that isolates with different ceftriaxone and cefotaxime MICs and MIC interpretative phenotypes do exist (13,21), although their prevalence is low (2.6% in the present study [ Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virtually all strains of S. pneumoniae that are susceptible or intermediately resistant to penicillin are susceptible in vitro to both ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (21). Extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in pneumococci is conferred by changes within PBP 1A and PBP 2X.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Different Susceptibilities to Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime

Karlowsky¹,

Jones²,

Draghi³

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are extended-spectrum cephalosporins previously demonstrated to possess very similar in vitro activities against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Anecdotal reports of isolates with divergent in vitro susceptibilities to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime have been published. To determine the prevalence of pneumococcal isolates with divergent ceftriaxone and cefotaxime susceptibilities, we tested 1,000 clinical isolates collected by U.S. laboratories in 2001-2002 by broth microdilution and E-test. The percentages of isolates susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were significantly different by both broth microdilution (98.6 and 96.6%, respectively; P < 0.05) and E-test (98.3 and 95.8%; P < 0.001). The differences observed were due solely to the activities of the two agents against penicillin-resistant isolates. Twenty-six of 188 penicillin-resistant isolates (13.8%) demonstrated different ceftriaxone and cefotaxime MIC interpretative phenotypes when tested by broth microdilution; 18 isolates were concurrently ceftriaxone susceptible and cefotaxime intermediate, 6 were ceftriaxone intermediate and cefotaxime resistant, and 2 were ceftriaxone susceptible and cefotaxime resistant (1.1% of penicillin-resistant isolates; 0.2% of all isolates tested). Sixteen of the 26 isolates (65%) were from southern U.S. states. The 26 isolates had serogroups and serotypes (6, 9, 14, 19, and 23) commonly associated with penicillin-resistant isolates; SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified 18 isolates (69%) dispersed among five subtype groups and 8 isolates that were unrelated to any of the other isolates. We conclude that certain isolates of penicillin-resistant pneumococci are less susceptible to cefotaxime than to ceftriaxone and that these isolates are not the result of the spread of a single clone. Whether such isolates have increased in prevalence over time remains unknown.

show abstract

In Vitro Activities of Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporins against Nonmeningeal Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae : MIC Interpretation Using NCCLS M100-S12 Recommendations

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Community-acquired pneumonia: new management strategies for evolving pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities

Community-acquired pneumonia: new management strategies for evolving pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities

Impact of Modified Nonmeningeal Streptococcus pneumoniae Interpretive Criteria (NCCLS M100-S12) on the Susceptibility Patterns of Five Parenteral Cephalosporins: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997 to 2001)

Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Different Susceptibilities to Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About