In vitro activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents against obligately anaerobic bacteria

Schaumann, Reiner; Ackermann, Grit; Pless, B.; Claros, Marina C.; Goldstein, Ellie J. C.; Rodloff, Arne C.

doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00186-2

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For this reason, antibiotics with broad activity against aerobes and anaerobes, such as PEN, CLI, DOX, and AMC, are mainly used or recommended for the therapy of odontogenic infections (2,11,14,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Analysis of a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Moxifloxacin and Clindamycin in the Treatment of Odontogenic Infiltrates and Abscesses

Sobottka

Wegscheider

Balzer

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The objective of this study was to identify the oral pathogens found in odontogenic infections, to determine their susceptibilities to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), clindamycin (CLI), doxycycline (DOX), levofloxacin (LVX), moxifloxacin (MXF), and penicillin (PEN), and to search for associations between specific pathogens and types of infection. Swabs from patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind phase II trial comparing MXF with CLI for the treatment of odontogenic abscesses or inflammatory infiltrates were cultured on media for aerobes and anaerobes. All bacterial isolates were identified at the species level. Overall, 205 isolates were cultured from 71 patients: 77 viridans group streptococci, 56 Prevotella spp., 19 Neisseria spp., 17 Streptococcus anginosus group isolates and hemolytic streptococci, 15 other anaerobes, and 21 other bacteria. Ninety-eight percent of pathogens were susceptible to MXF, 96% to AMC, 85% to LVX, 67% to PEN, 60% to CLI, and 50% to DOX. S. anginosus group and hemolytic streptococci were found significantly more frequently (P ‫؍‬ 0.04) in patients with abscesses (12/95) than in patients with infiltrates (5/110). In four patients with infiltrates who failed to respond to CLI therapy, three isolates of the Streptococcus mitis group and four Neisseria spp. resistant to CLI were found. In this study, S. anginosus group and hemolytic streptococci were clearly associated with odontogenic abscesses. Our analysis suggests that viridans group streptococci and Neisseria spp. play a decisive role in the etiology of odontogenic infiltrates. The high in vitro activity of MXF against odontogenic bacteria corresponds well to its clinical results in the treatment of odontogenic abscesses and infiltrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Analysis of a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Moxifloxacin and Clindamycin in the Treatment of Odontogenic Infiltrates and Abscesses

Sobottka

Wegscheider

Balzer

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…[23][24][25] From microbiologic point of view, ciprofloxacin has another important advantage over metronidazole: ciprofloxacin does not disturb the majority of anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria contribute to the stability of the pouch flora and provide resistance against colonization of pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eradication of Pathogenic Bacteria and Restoration of Normal Pouch Flora: Comparison of Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Pouchitis

Gosselink

Schouten

Lieshout

et al. 2004

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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PURPOSE: Pouchitis is the major long-term complication after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Metronidazole and ciprofloxacin are commonly used for treatment; however, nothing is known about the effects on the pouch flora during and after pouchitis episodes. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of both antibiotics on eradication of pathogens and the restoration of normal pouch flora. METHODS: The fecal flora obtained from 13 patients with ulcerative colitis was examined at the beginning of a pouchitis episode before treatment, during treatment with metronidazole or ciprofloxacin, and during pouchitis-free periods. Some patients experienced more than one pouchitis episode. Therefore, a total of 104 samples was obtained. Each sample was cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and the isolated bacteria were identified. Furthermore, the clinical response to both antibiotics was compared using the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index score. RESULTS: During pouchitis-free periods, the patients had a flora characterized by high numbers of anaerobes and no or low numbers of pathogens. This flora resembles normal colon flora. During pouchitis episodes, we found a significant decrease of anaerobes (P = 0.01), a significant increase of aerobic bacteria (P = 0.01), and significantly more numbers of pathogens, such as Clostridium perfringens (in 95 percent of the samples; P < 0.01) and hemolytic strains of Escherichia coli (in 57 percent of the samples; P = 0.05). Treatment with metronidazole resulted in a complete eradication of the anaerobic flora, including C. perfringens. However, no changes in the numbers of E. coli were found. In contrast, when the patient was treated with ciprofloxacin, not only C. perfringens, but also all coliforms including hemolytic strains of E. coli disappeared. The larger part of the anaerobic flora was left undisturbed during the administration of ciprofloxacin. Patients treated with ciprofloxacin experienced significant larger reductions in Pouchitis Disease Activity Index score compared with patients treated with metronidazole (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This study strongly suggests a role of pathogenic bacteria (C. perfringens and/or hemolytic strains of E. coli) in pouchitis. From a microbiologic and a clinical point of view, ciprofloxacin is preferable to metronidazole, because treatment with ciprofloxacin eradicates both pathogens and results in an optimal restoration of normal pouch flora. [

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“…L'elevata attività della moxifloxacina nei confronti dei patogeni anaerobi è stata documentata da diversi studi microbiologici, utilizzando raccolte di ceppi di isolamento clinico [24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Tabellaunclassified

“…In un recente studio condotto in Germania l'attività in vitro della moxifloxacina è stata testata, in confronto con numerosi altri antibiotici, misurando la MIC su 292 ceppi di batteri anaerobi obbligati, isolati da casi clinici in Europa e negli Stati Uniti [27].…”

Section: Tabellaunclassified

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Moxifloxacina: profilo farmacologico, terapeutico e farmacoeconomico

Eandi

2003

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PREMESSEMoxifloxacina è un nuovo fluorochinolone di recente introduzione nell'armamentario terapeutico per il trattamento antibiotico delle infezioni delle basse ed alte vie respiratorie [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].Moxifloxacina è un 8-metossichinolone dotato di un ampio spettro d'azione antibatterico nei confronti dei batteri Grampositivi e Gram-negativi, aerobi ed anaerobi e dei patogeni atipici quali micoplasmi, legionelle e clamidie [3, 7, 8]. Questo nuovo antibiotico è tra i farmaci più potenti attualmente disponibili nei confronti dei batteri Gram-positivi, compresi lo Staphylococcus aureus meticillino-resistente e i pneumococchi, sia sensibili che resistenti alla penicillina. La moxifloxacina è attiva quanto la ciprofloxacina verso Legionella spp., ma più attiva verso Chlamydia spp. e Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Moxifloxacina: profilo farmacologico, terapeutico e farmacoeconomicoMario Eandi * Moxifloxacina manifesta minore efficacia rispetto a ciprofloxacina verso le Enterobatteriaceae e verso Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dotata di una potente e rapida azione battericida concentrazione-dipendente verso i batteri Gram-positivi e di un marcato effetto post-antibiotico, la moxifloxacina si accumula rapidamente nei ceppi sensibili, agisce inibendo in ugual misura sia la DNA girasi sia la topoisomerasi IV e manifesta una ridotta tendenza a selezionare ceppi mutanti resistenti [1, 7].La farmacocinetica della moxifloxacina si caratterizza per la lunga emivita, circa 12 ore, per un'elevata biodisponibilità orale, un'eccellente diffusibilità tissutale extravascolare e per la scarsità di interazioni con altri farmaci [1, 7]. Il profilo di tollerabilità, simile a quello dei fluorochinoloni, si differenzia, tuttavia, per l'assenza di fototossicità [2]. ABSTRACTMoxifloxacin is a new fluorquinolone antibiotic, recently introduced among the treatment options for upper and lower airways infections. It possesses a wide antibiotic spectrum, covering the major pathogens involved in the genesis of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) and acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS). It acts in a concentration-dependent manner by inhibition of bacterial DNAgirase and topoisomerase IV, has a long biological half-life (about 12 hours), good oral bioavailability, excellent tissue diffusion and a better safety profile than other quinolones, because of the lack of phototoxicity and the scarsity of clinically significant drug interactions. The clinical results of moxifloxacin in CAP, AECB and ABS have been compared with those of available alternative antibiotics in several multicentric, double-blind studies, and the new fluorquinolone resulted at least as effective as the comparators, with similar tolerability profiles. These studies demonstrated a high correlation among the eradication of the pathogen and the clinical recovery of the patients. The pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and clinical results of moxifloxacin render it one of the most attractive options for the empirical treatment of upper and lower air...

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In vitro activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents against obligately anaerobic bacteria

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Microbiological Analysis of a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Moxifloxacin and Clindamycin in the Treatment of Odontogenic Infiltrates and Abscesses

Microbiological Analysis of a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Moxifloxacin and Clindamycin in the Treatment of Odontogenic Infiltrates and Abscesses

Eradication of Pathogenic Bacteria and Restoration of Normal Pouch Flora: Comparison of Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Pouchitis

Moxifloxacina: profilo farmacologico, terapeutico e farmacoeconomico

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