In Vitro Activity of Antifungal Drugs Against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes spp. by E-Test Method and Non-supplemented Mueller–Hinton Agar Plates

Intra, Jari; Sarto, Cecilia; Mazzola, Selene; Fania, Chiara; Tiberti, Natalia; Brambilla, Paolo

doi:10.1007/s11046-019-00360-9

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, the four LAB strains are more effective against T. rubrum than T. interdigitale although generally the growth of T. rubrum is more difficult to control than T. interdigitale (Salehi et al 2018;Intra et al 2019). Compared to T. interdigitale, T. rubrum is able to produce a more compact and denser biofilm, which is crucial for protection from antifungal agents and for its survival (Costa-Orlandi et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to our results, T. interdigitale was not susceptible to the metabolites secreted by the LAB strains examined. Previously, it was reported that the susceptibility of T. interdigitale strains from different hospitals sources were variably affected by anti-fungal drugs (Intra et al 2019). Some of these strains even showed resistance to multiple drugs such as terbinafine, fluconazole, variconazole and itraconazole that are commonly used clinically, to treat dermatophytic infections (Singh et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lactobacillus plantarum strain HT-W104-B1: potential bacterium isolated from Malaysian fermented foods for control of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Danial

Medina

Magan

2021

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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The objective was to screen and evaluate the anti-fungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) isolated from Malaysian fermented foods against two Trichophyton species. A total of 66 LAB strains were screened using dual culture assays. This showed that four LAB strains were very effective in inhibiting growth of T. rubrum but not T. interdigitale. More detailed studies with Lactobacillus plantarum strain HT-W104-B1 showed that the supernatant was mainly responsible for inhibiting the growth of T. rubrum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), inhibitory concentration, the 50% growth inhibition (IC50) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) were 20 mg/mL, 14 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL, respectively. A total of six metabolites were found in the supernatant, with the two major metabolites being L-lactic acid (19.1 mg/g cell dry weight (CDW)) and acetic acid (2.2 mg/g CDW). A comparative study on keratin agar media showed that the natural mixture in the supernatants predominantly contained L-lactic and acetic acid, and this significantly controlled the growth of T. rubrum. The pure two individual compounds were less effective. Potential exists for application of the natural mixture of compounds for the treatment of skin infection by T. rubrum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus plantarum strain HT-W104-B1: potential bacterium isolated from Malaysian fermented foods for control of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Danial

Medina

Magan

2021

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…The treatment of dermatophytoses has been the subject of discussions in the medical field due to the increase in the incidence of these diseases worldwide, as well as the expansion in the use of antifungals and the appearance of resistant strains, the main drugs used in clinical therapy 7 . On this subject, the scientific literature shows, however, that not all species have the same susceptibility pattern, with relative or absolute resistance concerning the various species and strains of fungi 2,[7][8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of these pathogens have described the techniques for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antifungals against dermatophytes as laborious, time-consuming and difficult to apply in clinical practice [8][9][10] . This group of fungi is also not included…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of susceptibility and response in the surface of agents of surface mycoses (Trichophyton mentagrophytes; T. tonsurans) to antifungal drugs of interest in a medical clinic

et al. 2021

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Introdução: A resistência de espécies fúngicas às drogas usualmente empregadas no meio clínico é motivo de grande interesse na área médica. Objetivo: Avaliar susceptibilidade e resposta in vitro de espécies de Trichophyton spp. a drogas antifúngicas de interesse em clínica médica. Métodos: Foram utilizadas 12 amostras de isolados clínicos de humanos, sendo nove de T. mentagrophytes e três de T. tonsurans. Foram realizados testes de susceptibilidade segundo os métodos de difusão em ágar (DA) e microdiluição em caldo (MC). Resultados: No método de DA, a espécie T. tonsurans apresentou percentual de sensibilidade de 33% em relação à anfotericina B e de 66% ao itraconazol, com 100% de resistência frente ao cetoconazol e ao fluconazol. A espécie T. mentagrophytes também apresentou 100% de resistência frente ao cetoconazol nesta técnica, com 11% de sensibilidade ao cetoconazol, 22% ao itraconazol e 22% das amostras classificadas como sensível dose dependente. No método de MC, a espécie T. tonsurans apresentou percentual de sensibilidade de 66%, 55% e 33% em relação ao cetoconazol, fluconazol e itraconazol, respectivamente. A espécie T. mentagrophytes apresentou percentuais de sensibilidade de 11%, 11%, 33% e 55% para anfotericina B, itraconazol, cetoconazol e fluconazol, respectivamente. Conclusão: Houve resistência in vitro das espécies do T. mentagrophytes e T. tonsurans frente ao antifúngico fluconazol e resistência relativa frente ao cetoconazol no método de DA. Na MC, no entanto, foram observados importantes percentuais de sensibilidade das duas espécies analisadas frente aos antifúngicos fluconazol e cetoconazol quando comparadas ao itraconazol e à anfotericina B.

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“…Although these species can cause skin‐ and nail‐associated dermatophytosis, they can be mainly isolated from scalp infections, especially in school‐age children. Trichophyton rubrum is responsible for 70% of all dermatophyte infections, but the number of infections caused by T. mentagrophytes has been rising in recent years 4,5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidermatophytic activity of synthetic peptides: Action mechanisms and clinical application as adjuvants to enhance the activity and decrease the toxicity of Griseofulvin

Souza

Lima

Freitas

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Background Dermatophytes belonging to the Trichophyton genus are important human pathogens, but they have developed resistance to griseofulvin, the most common antifungal drug used to treat dermatophytosis. Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the antidermatophytic activity of synthetic peptides, as well as mechanisms of action and synergistic effect with griseofulvin. Methods Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) were employed to understand the activity and the mechanism of action of peptides. Results Here we report that synthetic peptides at 50 μg/mL, a concentration 20‐fold lower than griseofulvin, reduced the microconidia viability of T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum by 100%, whereas griseofulvin decreased their viability by only 50% and 0%, respectively. The action mechanism of peptides involved cell wall damage, membrane pore formation and loss of cytoplasmic content. Peptides also induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the activity of griseofulvin 10‐fold against both fungi, suggesting synergistic effects, and eliminated the toxicity of this drug to human erythrocytes. Docking analysis revealed ionic and hydrophobic interactions between peptides and griseofulvin, which may explain the decline of griseofulvin toxicity when mixed with peptides. Conclusion Therefore, our results strongly suggest six peptides with high potential to be employed alone as new drugs or as adjuvants to enhance the activity and decrease the toxicity of griseofulvin.

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In Vitro Activity of Antifungal Drugs Against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes spp. by E-Test Method and Non-supplemented Mueller–Hinton Agar Plates

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Lactobacillus plantarum strain HT-W104-B1: potential bacterium isolated from Malaysian fermented foods for control of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Lactobacillus plantarum strain HT-W104-B1: potential bacterium isolated from Malaysian fermented foods for control of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

Evaluation of susceptibility and response in the surface of agents of surface mycoses (Trichophyton mentagrophytes; T. tonsurans) to antifungal drugs of interest in a medical clinic

Antidermatophytic activity of synthetic peptides: Action mechanisms and clinical application as adjuvants to enhance the activity and decrease the toxicity of Griseofulvin

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