In vitro activity of azithromycin, newer quinolones and cephalosporins in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella causing enteric fever

Capoor, Malini R.; Rawat, Deepti; Nair, Deepthi; Hasan, A.R.; Deb, Monorama; Aggarwal, Praveen; Pillai, Parukutty

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47353-0

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As regards, S. Typhi, these were all susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. This is despite the fact that there are increasing reports of resistance to these drugs from the Indian subcontinent [20,21]. Therefore, antimicrobial activity against potential causative organisms, the severity of the cholecystitis, and the local susceptibility pattern must be taken into consideration when prescribing drugs.…”

Section: Microorganism Monomicrobialmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microflora of bile aspirates in patients with acute cholecystitis With or without cholelithiasis: a tropical experience

Capoor¹,

Nair²,

Rajni³

et al. 2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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The current study determined the spectrum of biliary microflora with special emphasis on enteric fever organisms in patients with acute cholangitis with and without cholelithiasis or other biliary diseases. The patients were divided into three groups: Group A consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis; Group B consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis with gastrointestinal ailments requiring biliary drainage and group C consisted of patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Gallbladder, bile and gallstones were subjected to complete microbiological and histopathological examination. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was performed as per CLSI guidelines. Bacteria were recovered from 17 samples (32%) in Group A, 17 (51.4%) in Group B and 1 (1.6%) in Group C. The most common organisms isolated were Escherichia coli (11, 29.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10, 27%), Citrobacter freundii (3, 8.1%), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (3, 8.1%), etc. The majority of Enterobacteriaceae isolates were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem. As regards Salmonella spp., S. Typhi was isolated from 2 (3.8%) patients in Group A and 1 (16%) in Group C. Antimicrobial susceptibility of potential causative organisms, the severity of the cholecystitis, and the local susceptibility pattern must be taken into consideration when prescribing drugs. A protocol regarding the management of such cases should be formulated based on observations of similar studies.

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Section: Microorganism Monomicrobialmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microflora of bile aspirates in patients with acute cholecystitis With or without cholelithiasis: a tropical experience

Capoor¹,

Nair²,

Rajni³

et al. 2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…Indian studies have reported higher MIC90 for azithromycin in S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A (24 μg/mL) [10,29] compared to Western studies (MIC90 8 μg/mL, MIC range 4-16 μg/mL) [30,31]. In one Indian study, taking a MIC interpretive breakpoint of >16 μg/mL, 36 (33.6%) of Salmonella isolates were azithromycin-resistant, while clinical non-response to azithromycin therapy was observed in 19 patients (both azithromycin susceptible and resistant isolates with MIC range 6-64 μg/mL, MIC90 24 μg/mL were included) [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance among blood culture isolates of Salmonella enterica in New Delhi

Jain

Chugh

2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Enteric fever is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries. Antimicrobial resistance is a major issue enteric fever management. This study examined current pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility among Salmonella enterica isolates from enteric fever cases at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India. Methodology: Blood cultures from patients with enteric fever during January 2010-July 2012 were processed using the BACTEC automated system. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method and/or Phoenix 100 automated system. Results: Of 344 isolates of Salmonella enterica, 266 (77.3%) were S. Typhi, 77 (22.4%) were S. Paratyphi A, and one (0.3%) was S. Paratyphi B. Resistance to nalidixic acid (NA R ) (96.7%) was most common, followed by ciprofloxacin (37.9%), and azithromycin (7.3%). Multi-drug resistance was observed only in S. Typhi (3.4%). Among NA R strains, 61.8% were sensitive, 11.1% were moderately sensitive, and 23.9% were resistant to ciprofloxacin (0.8%, 57.4%, and 37.9% respectively according to revised CLSI breakpoint criteria for ciprofloxacin). Resistance to third-generation cephalosporin was found in seven (2%) strains of S. enterica. Conclusion: Increasing rates of nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolone and azithromycin resistance among S. enterica, particularly in S. Paratyphi A strains, is of concern, as S. Paratyphi A infection is becoming increasingly common and is not prevented by current vaccinations. Our results favour use of cefexime or possibly chloramphenicol as first choice for uncomplicated enteric fever. MICs for third-generation cephalosporins and susceptibility pattern must be closely monitored in view of its emerging resistance among Salmonella enterica.

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“…Concernant la résistance à l'azithromycine, il n'existe pas encore à l'heure actuelle de concentrations critiques définies par les sociétés savantes pour cet antibiotique. Cependant, aucune souche potentiellement résistante n'a encore été documentée au CNR (CMI  8 mg/l pour 104 souches Cip S ou Cip SD isolées en 2009) ou dans la littérature, à l'exception d'une souche Cip R indienne pour laquelle la CMI de l'azithromycine était de 64 mg/l [29,37,38]. L'utilisation croissante de cet antibiotique dans cette indication étant inéluctable, il est prévisible que de telles souches résistantes émer-gent assez rapidement.…”

Section: La Résistance Aux Antibiotiques De Demainunclassified

La fièvre typhoïde n’est plus aussi simple à soigner

Weill

2010

Med Sci (Paris)

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In vitro activity of azithromycin, newer quinolones and cephalosporins in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella causing enteric fever

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Microflora of bile aspirates in patients with acute cholecystitis With or without cholelithiasis: a tropical experience

Microflora of bile aspirates in patients with acute cholecystitis With or without cholelithiasis: a tropical experience

Antimicrobial resistance among blood culture isolates of Salmonella enterica in New Delhi

La fièvre typhoïde n’est plus aussi simple à soigner

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