In vitro activity of carvacrol and thymol combined with antifungals or antibacterials against Pythium insidiosum

Jesus, Francielli Pantella Kunz de; Ferreiro, Laerte; Bizzi, Karine; Loreto, Érico S.; Pilotto, Maiara B.; Ludwig, Aline; Alves, Sydney Hartz; Zanette, Régis A.; Santúrio, Jânio Morais

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.10.023

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In our study, the results of itraconazole‐ M. alternifolia combinations were comparable with those of a study performed by Jesus et al . (). The authors combined the bioactive compounds carvacrol and thymol with antimicrobial drugs, including itraconazole and terbinafine, and they observed 96% synergism in combinations of itraconazole with carvacrol and thymol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the terbinafine and EO combinations differed from those reported by Jesus et al . () given that they obtained 48 and 32% synergistic effects when combining terbinafine with thymol and carvacrol respectively. These differences can be attributed to the different bioactive compounds used in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only Jesus et al . () showed the synergistic effects of the carvacrol and thymol combination with antimicrobials against this oomycete. Furthermore, Fonseca et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…; Jesus et al . ). However, studies involving P. insidiosum that employ EO combinations and combinations with other classes of antimicrobial agents are in development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, previous studies have reported Pythium spp. susceptibility to EOs and plant extracts (Lee et al 2007;Sriphana et al 2013;Fonseca et al 2015a;Jesus et al 2015b). However, studies involving P. insidiosum that employ EO combinations and combinations with other classes of antimicrobial agents are in development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only Jesus et al . () showed the synergistic effects of the carvacrol and thymol combination with antimicrobials against this oomycete. Furthermore, Fonseca et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…; Jesus et al . ). However, studies involving P. insidiosum that employ EO combinations and combinations with other classes of antimicrobial agents are in development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum

et al. 2016

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Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin

Heidary

Samangani

Kargari

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background Azithromycin (AZM), sold under the name Zithromax, is classified as a macrolide. It has many benefits due to its immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. This review aims to study different clinical and biochemisterial aspects and properties of this drug which has a priority based on literature published worldwide. Methods Several databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to obtain the relevant studies. Results AZM mechanism of action including the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production, inhibition of neutrophil infestation, and macrophage polarization alteration, gives it the ability to act against a wide range of microorganisms. Resistant organisms are spreading and being developed because of the irrational use of the drug in the case of dose and duration. AZM shows synergistic effects with other drugs against a variety of organisms. This macrolide is considered a valuable antimicrobial agent because of its use as a treatment for a vast range of diseases such as asthma, bronchiolitis, COPD, cystic fibrosis, enteric infections, STIs, and periodontal infections. Conclusions Our study shows an increasing global prevalence of AZM resistance. Thus, synergistic combinations are recommended to treat different pathogens. Moreover, continuous monitoring of AZM resistance by registry centers and the development of more rapid diagnostic assays are urgently needed.

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Activity of the botanical compound thymol against kiwifruit rot caused by Fusarium tricinctum and the underlying mechanisms

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Kiwifruit rot is an important disease caused by different fungal pathogens, which can lead to huge economic loss in the kiwifruit industry. The aims of this study were to discover an effective botanical compound that significantly inhibits the pathogens causing kiwifruit rot, evaluate its control efficacy against this disease, and reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS A strain of Fusarium tricinctum (GF‐1), isolated from diseased kiwifruit, could cause fruit rot in both Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis and Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa. Different botanical chemicals were used for antifungal activity test against GF‐1 and thymol was the most effective one with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 30.98 mg L−1. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thymol against GF‐1 was 90 mg L−1. Control efficacy of thymol against kiwifruit rot was evaluated and the results indicated that thymol could effectively decrease the occurrence and spread of kiwifruit rot. The mechanisms underlying the antifungal activity of thymol against F. tricinctum were investigated, and it showed that thymol could significantly damage the ultrastructure, destroy the plasma membrane integrity, and instantaneously increase energy metabolisms of F. tricinctum. Further investigations indicated that thymol could extend shelf life of kiwifruit by increasing their storability. CONCLUSION Thymol can effectively inhibit F. tricinctum that is one of the causal agents of kiwifruit rot. Multiple modes of action are involved in the antifungal activity. The results of this study indicate that thymol can be a promising botanical fungicide to control kiwifruit rot and provide useful references for thymol application in agriculture system. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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In vitro activity of carvacrol and thymol combined with antifungals or antibacterials against Pythium insidiosum

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

In vitro activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum

In vitro activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum

Mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of azithromycin

Activity of the botanical compound thymol against kiwifruit rot caused by Fusarium tricinctum and the underlying mechanisms

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