In vitro activity of florphenicol

Graham, Rachel L.; Palmer, D.; Pratt, B C; Hart, C. A.

doi:10.1007/bf01964257

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…(MIC: 4–8 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC: 4–8 μg/ml), Streptococcus spp . (MIC: 1–4 μg/ml), Moraxella (MIC: 0.5–1 μg/ml) (Graham, Palmer et al, 1988) and Actinobacillus spp (MIC 50 : 0.39 μg/ml) (Yoshimura, Takagi et al, 2002), for which MICs have been established in ruminants. The CLSI breakpoint for bovine respiratory pathogens susceptible to florfenicol is ≤ 2 μg/mL (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, isolates from tooth root abscesses commonly include Actinomyces spp and Actinobacillus spp (Niehaus & Anderson, 2007), which are considered susceptible to the antibiotic florfenicol, based on breakpoints used for cattle (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 2008). Furthermore, the bacteriostatic activity of florfenicol may prevail at relatively low drug concentrations, even in the face of chloramphenicol resistance (Graham, Palmer et al, 1988). Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with penetration into most body tissues including internal organs (Adams, Varma et al, 1987), skeletal muscle, milk (Soback, Paape et al, 1995), synovial fluid (Gilliam, Streeter et al, 2008) and to a lesser extent aqueous humor (Adams, Varma et al, 1987) and spinal fluid (de Craene, Deprez et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in healthy adult alpacas after subcutaneous and intramuscular injection

Holmes

Bedenice

Papich

2011

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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A single dose of florfenicol (Nuflor®) was administered to eight healthy adult alpacas, at 20mg/kg IM (intramuscular) and 40mg/kg SC (subcutaneous) using a randomized, cross-over design and 28-day washout period. Subsequently, 40mg/kg florfenicol was injected SC every other day for 10 doses to evaluate long-term effects. Maximum plasma florfenicol concentrations (Cmax, measured via high-performance-liquid-chromatography) were achieved rapidly, leading to a higher Cmax of 4.31+/−3.03 μg/ml following administration of 20mg/kg IM than 40mg/kg SC (Cmax: 1.95+/−0.94 μg/ml). Multiple SC dosing at 48hr intervals achieved a Cmax of 4.48+/−1.28 μg/ml at steady state. The area under the curve and terminal elimination half-lives were 51.83+/−11.72μg/ml.h and 17.59+/−11.69 hours after single 20mg/kg IM administration, as well as 99.78+/−23.58μg/ml.h and 99.67+/−59.89 hours following 40mg/kg injection of florfenicol SC, respectively. Florfenicol decreased the following hematological parameters after repeated administration between weeks 0 and 3: total protein (6.38 vs. 5.61 g/dL, P<0.0001), globulin (2.76 vs. 2.16 g/dL, P<0.0003), albumin (3.61 vs. 3.48 g/dL, P=0.0038), white blood cell count (11.89 vs. 9.66 ×10^3/μL, P<0.044), and hematocrit (27.25 vs. 24.88%, P<0.0349). Significant clinical illness was observed in one alpaca. The lowest effective dose of florfenicol should thus be used in alpacas and limited to treatment of highly susceptible pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in healthy adult alpacas after subcutaneous and intramuscular injection

Holmes

Bedenice

Papich

2011

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…Although both enrofloxacin and amoxicillin have good bactericidal activity, as opposed to florfenicol, which is bacteriostatic, for example, for Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (Graham et al ., 1988), it seems that the bactericidal effect of amoxicillin is impaired because it is less efficiently distributed throughout the tissues and in addition is eliminated quickly (Goren et al , 1981). The prominent results for enrofloxacin may be explained by its rapid bactericidal activity at relatively low concentrations (Brown, 1996) and its excellent distribution throughout tissues for longer periods of time (Brown, 1996;McKellar, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the efficacy of four antimicrobial treatment schemes against experimentalOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection in turkey poults pre-infected with avian pneumovirus

Mariën¹,

Nauwynck²,

Duchateau

et al. 2006

Avian Pathology

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The clinical efficacy of drinking-water administration of enrofloxacin for 3 and 5 days, amoxicillin for 5 days and florfenicol for 5 days for the treatment of respiratory disease induced by an experimental Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in turkeys pre-infected with avian pneumovirus (APV) was assessed based on clinical, bacteriological and histopathological examinations. Experimental groups of 15 susceptible 3-week-old turkeys were each inoculated oculonasally with APV subtype A and 3 days later with susceptible O. rhinotracheale bacteria. Antimicrobial treatment started 1 day after O. rhinotracheale inoculation. After infection, the birds were examined and scored for clinical signs, swabbed daily and weighed at different times. Five birds were euthanized and examined for macroscopic lesions at necropsy at 5 days post bacterial inoculation, and the remainder at 15 days post bacterial inoculation. Samples of the turbinates, trachea, lungs, air sacs, heart and pericardium were collected for bacteriological and/or histological examination. Recovery from respiratory disease caused by an APV/O. rhinotracheale dual infection was most successful after enrofloxacin treatment, irrespective of treatment duration, followed by florfenicol. Amoxicillin treatment was not efficacious. Clinical signs and the number of O. rhinotracheale organisms re-isolated from the trachea and the different respiratory organs were significantly reduced by enrofloxacin treatment for 3 and 5 days. O. rhinotracheale bacteria were not re-isolated from the tracheas of the birds treated with enrofloxacin except for one bird in the 5-day group, as early as 1 day after medication onset. In the group treated with enrofloxacin for 5 days, O. rhinotracheale organisms with a higher minimal inhibitory concentration value ( )/8) were isolated starting 2 days following treatment onset, initially from a single turkey and subsequently from the other animals.

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“…At the same time, broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as ceftiofur, florfenicol, and enrofloxacin are commonly used against many diseases in domestic animals, including the poultry flock (Booker et al, 1997;Burton et al, 1996;el-Banna, 1998;Graham et al, 1988;Ueda and Suenaga, 1995;Vancutsem et al, 1990). Sometimes, they are also administered at the time of vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of antibiotics on B-cell number, percentage, and distribution in the bursa of Fabricius of newly hatched chicks

et al. 2011

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Antibiotics are commonly used to prevent and treat poultry microbial infections, but certain antibiotic families depress humoral immunity, such as antibody production. Poultry humoral immunity depends on the normal functioning of the bursa of Fabricius and the B lymphocytes that mature in that gland. In this study, recommended therapeutic doses of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, or ceftiofur were administered to 2-d-old chicks. On d 7 post-hatch, bursae were sampled for histological, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric determination of Bu-1-positive (Bu-1+) cell number, percentage, and distribution. The bursa of Fabricius from all treatment and control groups had normal morphology. The administration of antibiotics significantly decreased the number of Bu-1+ cells in the bursal medulla, with a simultaneous increase of these cells in the cortex. Flow cytometry revealed a significant decrease in the percentage of bursal Bu-1+ cells from all of the studied antibiotics: enrofloxacin (93.91 ± 3.27), florfenicol (87.84 ± 7.14), and ceftiofur (89.16 ± 5.68) compared with that of the control (96.48 ± 2.60). The combination of reduced percentages of Bu-1+ cells and a decrease in these cells in the medullary region suggests lower B cell maturation.

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In vitro activity of florphenicol

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in healthy adult alpacas after subcutaneous and intramuscular injection

Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in healthy adult alpacas after subcutaneous and intramuscular injection

Comparison of the efficacy of four antimicrobial treatment schemes against experimentalOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection in turkey poults pre-infected with avian pneumovirus

The influence of antibiotics on B-cell number, percentage, and distribution in the bursa of Fabricius of newly hatched chicks

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