In vitro Activity of Lithium Succinate against &lt;i&gt;Malassezia furfur&lt;/i&gt;

The in vitro antifungal activity of tea oil, the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, has been evaluated against 26 strains of various dermatophyte species, 54 yeasts, among them 32 strains of Candida albicans and other Candida sp. as well as 22 different Malassezia furfur strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of tea tree oil were measured by agar dilution technique. Tea tree oil was found to be able to inhibit growth of all clinical fungal isolates. For the investigated dermatophytes MIC values from 1,112.5 to 4,450.0 μg/ml with a geometric mean of 1,431.5 μg/ml were demonstrated. Both C. albicans strains and the other strains belonging to the genus Candida and Trichosporon appeared to be slightly less susceptible to tea tree oil in vitro. However, their MIC values, which varied from 2,225.0 to 4,450.0 μg/ml (geometric mean 4,080 μg/ml), indicated moderate susceptibility to the essential oil of M. alternifolia. The lipophilic yeast M. furfur seemed to be most susceptible to tea tree oil. MIC values between 556.2 and 4,450.0 μg/ml (geometric mean 1,261.5 μg/ml) were found against the tested M. furfur strains. However, when calculated as percentage tea tree oil of the agar, the above-mentioned concentrations correspond to 0.5-0.44% tea tree oil content. These values are far below the usual relatively high therapeutic concentrations of the agent; approximately 5-10% solution or even the concentrated essential oil are used for external treatment. In comparison with tea tree oil, in vitro susceptibility against miconazole, an established topical antifungal, was tested. As expected, very low MIC values for miconazole were found for dermatophytes (geometric mean 0.2 μg/ml), yeasts (geometric mean 1.0 μg/ml), and M. furfur (geometric mean 2.34 μg/ml). It is suggested that the in vivo effect of tea tree oil ointment in the therapy of fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes as well as in the treatment of dandruff, a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis, may be at least partly due to an antifungal activity of tea tree oil.

show abstract

“…In vitro susceptibility testing was carried out as pre viously described [10][11][12]. Agar dilution test for MIC …”

Section: In Vitro Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree Oil) against Pathogenic Fungi in vitro

Nenoff

Haustein

Brandt³

1996

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

Self Cite

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The final mean OD obtained for each antifungal concentration was expressed as a percentage of the control growth. The agar plate dilution method for determining colony development was also performed as described in previous reports (9,12), and the MIC results were compared with those by the urease method. The plates were incubated at 30°C for 4 days.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility Testing of Malassezia Species Using the Urea Broth Microdilution Method

Nakamura

Kano

Murai

et al. 2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A urea broth microdilution method to assay the susceptibilities of seven Malassezia species was developed. This method indicated the same sensitivities as the agar plate dilution method for isolates of Malassezia furfur, M. pachydermatis, M. slooffiae, and M. sympodialis.Malassezia species may be etiological agents of systemic infection as well as of skin disorders such as pityriasis versicolor and Malassezia folliculitis (2,8,14). The genus Malassezia has been recently revised to include seven species, Malassezia furfur, M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta, and M. slooffiae (5, 6). Numerous susceptibility testing methods for determination of the MICs against Candida spp. and other yeast isolates have been developed (1,3,4). In 1992, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards recommended a broth microdilution method for susceptibility testing of yeasts (11). However, this method was not applicable to Malassezia species other than M. pachydermatis, because the organism could not develop without lipoidal substances in the medium (5, 8). Previously, we devised a urea broth microdilution method for antifungal testing with Cryptococcus neoformans (10). Malassezia species were confirmed to be urease positive, as is C. neoformans (5, 13). We attempted to develop a practical method of susceptibility testing to obtain reliable information on the antifungal activities of various drugs against seven Malassezia species which possesses urease activity.Forty (5) and molecular analysis (7). These isolates were maintained by culturing on modified Dixon agar (5) at 30°C and were subcultured every week more than three times before use. The ivory colonies grown on modified Dixon agar were collected by scraping and were suspended with 0.04% Tween 80 in distilled water (pH 7.4) with a glass homogenizer, and the suspension was adjusted to an absorbance (optical density [OD] at 660 nm) of 1.0 (2.5 ϫ 10 6 cells/ml) with an automatic absorbance meter (UV-160A; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The antifungal drugs tested were bifonazole, itraconazole, amorolfine, and terbinafine. Every drug was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide solution and gradually diluted with distilled water. The highest test concentration of the drug was 50 g/ml, as recommended in previous reports for the other yeasts (1,3,4,15). The urea broth microdilution method of susceptibility testing (urease method) was performed in 96-well microtiter plates. To these wells were added modified Christensen's urea broth (100 l), fungal suspension (50 l), and the test drugs (50 l). The 96-well microtiter plates were arranged in twofold dilution from left to right and in triplicate. They were incubated at 30°C for 48 h. The results were measured by an automatic microtiter plate reader (AUTO READER II; Sanko Junyaku, Tokyo, Japan) at 545 nm (10). The final mean OD obtained for each antifungal concentration was expressed as a percentage of the control growth. The agar plate dilution method for determining colony development was

show abstract

“…Berlin; pH 5.7) containing 2% olive oil and 0.2% Tween 80 at 37 °C. In vitro susceptibility testing was carried out as previously described |14, 15,18]. The agar dilution test for mini mum inhibitory concentration (MIC) investigation of coal tar gel (Berniter®, containing 5 mg/ml coal tar), the gel base without active substance and Stantar® [a solution of coal tar in a-(9-octadecenyl)-cohydroxypolyoxycthylcnel was carried out using Sabouraud 4% dex trose agar (pH adjusted to 5.7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antifungal Activity of a Coal Tar Gel on Malassezia furfur in vitro

1995

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Seborrhoeic dermatitis is associated with Malessezia furfur but the exact role of this lipophilic yeast is still unclear. The in vitro antifungal activity of a coal tar gel, the base of the gel and coal tar (Stantar®) itself has been evaluated against 54 different M. furfur strains, isolated from patients suffering from dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tested agents were measured by the agar dilution technique. Results: The coal tar gel was found to be able to inhibit growth of 52 out of 54 investigated M. furfur isolates in vitro at MIC values between 625 and 10,000 μg/ml – corresponding to 3-5 μg/ml coal tar. However, the gel base also appears to be a less potent inhibitor of in vitro growth of M. furfur. In addition, it could be demonstrated that coal tar alone has an antifungal potential on M. furfur in vitro. MIC values from 250 to 5,000 μg/ml for coal tar were found. Presumably, both coal tar as the active ingredient and the gel base contribute to the in vitro activity of the coal tar gel against M. furfur. Conclusions: It is suggested that the effect of coal tar gel ointment in dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis therapy in vivo may be at least partly due to an antifungal activity of the coal tar but also of the gel base.

show abstract

In vitro Activity of Lithium Succinate against <i>Malassezia furfur</i>

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of <i>Melaleuca alternifolia </i>(Tea Tree Oil) against Pathogenic Fungi in vitro

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of <i>Melaleuca alternifolia </i>(Tea Tree Oil) against Pathogenic Fungi in vitro

Susceptibility Testing of Malassezia Species Using the Urea Broth Microdilution Method

The Antifungal Activity of a Coal Tar Gel on <i>Malassezia furfur</i> in vitro

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About