In vitro Activity of Rufloxacin against &lt;i&gt;Listeria monocytogenes&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Legionella pneumophila&lt;/i&gt;, and Chlamydia trachomatis

Furneri, P. M.; M, Bazzano; Campo, Laura; Cesana, Marina; Tempera, G

doi:10.1159/000239180

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Fig. 1) is a new oral 6-fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and grampositive aerobic bacteria and some intracellular pathogens, including Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila (10,23,36). In vitro, the antibacterial activity of rufloxacin is similar to that of norfloxacin (36), while in animal models it has activity similar to that of ciprofloxacin (12).…”

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In vitro antimycoplasmal activities of rufloxacin and its metabolite MF 922

Furneri

Bisignano

Cerniglia

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activities of rufloxacin and its metabolite, MF 922, were compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and minocycline against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasmafermentans, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Rufloxacin, MF 922, and ciprofloxacin shared similar activities against all mycoplasmas tested. (MICs for 90%Yo of isolates tested [MIC90s], 0.5 to 4 ,ig/ml). Ofloxacin had the lowest MIC%0s for U. urealyticum, M. fermentans, and M. hominis (MIC90s, 0.25 to 1 ,ug/ml) and erythromycin had the lowest MIC90 for M. pneumoniae (MIC90, 0.004 ,ug/ml).Fluoroquinolones represent a new class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents which are active against gram-negative and many gram-positive organisms. These compounds are bactericidal and generally have good pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. However, some pathogens, including mycoplasmas, are not sufficiently susceptible at low concentrations to many of the quinolones tested (1-3, 7-9, 16-18, 21, 22, 25, 27, 33, 34). Several new compounds have been developed in an attempt to broaden the spectrum of activity, increase the potency, and enhance the disposition of the drug at infection sites. Fig. 1) is a new oral 6-fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and grampositive aerobic bacteria and some intracellular pathogens, including Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila (10,23,36). In vitro, the antibacterial activity of rufloxacin is similar to that of norfloxacin (36), while in animal models it has activity similar to that of ciprofloxacin (12). In humans pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that rufloxacin is eliminated slowly, with a half-life in plasma of about 35 h (14,19,37). The drug penetrates well into most body fluids, tissues, and cells, where it reaches high and stable concentrations, ranging from 2 to 25 times those in plasma (4,19,35,37). Particularly high concentrations are achieved in epithelial lining fluid (peak mean values, 42 ,ug/ml) and alveolar macrophages (peak mean values, 88 ,ug/ml) (35). Steady high concentrations (60 ,ug/ml) of rufloxacin are attained in urine up to 72 h following administration of a single 400-mg dose (37). In view of its pharmacokinetic profile, it can be used once daily for the treatment of urinary (5, 24) and respiratory tract (20) infections. It is metabolized at a low level. The N-desmethyl derivative (MF 922) (Fig. 1) is the only microbiologically active metabolite detected. In urine it accounts for 2% of the given dose (19). The in vitro activity of MF 922 is comparable to that of the parent compound (36). However, their effects on mycoplasmas have not been described previously. Rufloxacin (The objective of the study described here was to determine the in vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Myco- plasma hominis, Mycoplasma fermentans, and Ureaplasma urealyticum to rufloxacin and MF 922 compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and minocycline. Minocycline was selected rather than tetracycline bec...

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confidence: 99%

In vitro antimycoplasmal activities of rufloxacin and its metabolite MF 922

Furneri

Bisignano

Cerniglia

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Taking this into account, we determined not only the activity of the disinfectants, but also their MIC and MBC values against the different strains of Legionella . MIC and MBC assays are routine susceptibility tests for antimicrobial agents against respiratory tract pathogens including Legionella [29,30] , but they are not frequently used with disinfectants. We observed lower susceptibility of Legionella to the oxidizing agents (A and B) and 2 quaternary salts (D and F).…”

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Effectiveness of Disinfectants Used in Cooling Towers against <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>

Garcı́a

Peláz

2008

Chemotherapy

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Background:Legionella persists in man-made aquatic installations despite preventive treatments. More information about disinfectants could improve the effectiveness of treatments. This study tests the susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 against 8 disinfectants used in cooling tower treatments. Methods: We determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and bactericidal effect of sodium hypochlorite (A), hydrogen peroxide with silver nitrate (B), didecyldimethylammonium chloride (C), benzalkonium chloride (D), tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (E), tetrahydroxymethylphosphonium sulfide (F), 2,2-dibromonitropropionamide (G) and chloromethylisothiazolone (H) against 28 L. pneumophila sg 1 isolates. Results: MIC and MBC values were equivalent. Bacteria are less susceptible to disinfectants F, B, D and A than to H, E, C and G. All disinfectants induced a bactericidal effect. The effect rate is dose dependent for G, H, F and B; the effect is fast for the rest of disinfectants at any concentration. The bactericidal activity of disinfectants A, G and F depends on the susceptibility test used. Conclusions: All disinfectants have bactericidal activity against L. pneumophila sg 1 at concentrations used in cooling tower treatments. Results depend on the assay for some products.

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“…(16,27), the last two being rarely involved in meningitis. Unfavorable CSF concentration-to-MIC ratios are found for Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and streptococci (8,16,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of Rufloxacin into the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients with Inflamed and Uninflamed Meninges

Moretti

Pauluzzi

Cesana

2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Forty-four patients scheduled for lumbar puncture (LP) were recruited to determine the level of penetration of orally administered rufloxacin into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patients were divided into three clinical groups: those with normal CSF (groups A 1d and A 7d ), those with aseptic meningitis (group B), and those with bacterial meningitis (group C). Members of group A 1d received a single 400-mg rufloxacin dose, while group A 7d , B, and C constituents had a multiple-dose regimen (one 400-mg dose, followed by one 200-mg dose daily for 6 days). LP was performed on group A 1d members 5 h after they had received treatment, while for group A 7d it was undertaken 5 h after administration of the last dose. For group B, LP was performed 5 h after the first and the last doses, whereas for group C it was undertaken after the first, fourth, and last doses. Concentrations of rufloxacin in simultaneously collected CSF and plasma samples were determined. Mean CSF/plasma rufloxacin concentration ratios ranged from 0.57 to 0.84, depending on the study group. A higher, but not statistically significant, degree of penetration into CSF was observed in patients with bacterial meningitis than in those with normal CSF or aseptic meningitis. These data indicate that rufloxacin diffuses efficiently into the CSF of patients with either inflamed or uninflamed meninges.Although the introduction of antibiotics made bacterial meningitis curable, the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease remain unacceptably high. In a recent review of 493 episodes of bacterial meningitis in adults, the overall case fatality rate was 25% (6).The penetration of an antibacterial drug into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important characteristic in terms of its potential use in central nervous system (CNS) infections. In the presence of inflamed meninges, therapeutic concentrations of many antibiotics can be attained in CSF (2). However, in some persons with brain abscesses, early meningitis, or latestage meningitis, only minor impairments of the blood-CSF barrier occur. Dexamethasone, recommended for use in adjunctive therapy for bacterial meningitis, reduces meningeal inflammation (25) and thereby decreases drug penetration into CSF (2, 23). To ensure successful therapy and to prevent relapses, therapeutic concentrations of any antibiotic proposed for the treatment of CNS infections should be achieved even in the presence of uninflamed meninges.Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents with in vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms (10). The individual fluoroquinolones differ in their physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and body fluid penetration abilities (10,14). Their lipophilicity (octanol-buffer partition coefficient ϭ 0.37 at pH 7) (1, 7) and the high apparent volume of distribution of 130 to 150 liters (12,15,26,28) account for their high degree of penetration into CSF. However, analysis of comparative data on CSF transport and disposition of quinolones ...

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In vitro Activity of Rufloxacin against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>, and Chlamydia trachomatis

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

In vitro antimycoplasmal activities of rufloxacin and its metabolite MF 922

In vitro antimycoplasmal activities of rufloxacin and its metabolite MF 922

Effectiveness of Disinfectants Used in Cooling Towers against <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>

Penetration of Rufloxacin into the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients with Inflamed and Uninflamed Meninges

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