In Vitro Analysis Of The Effect Of Air Flow Rate On The Aerosol Properties Of Nebulized Arformoterol And Tiotropium And Fluticasone/Salmeterol Delivered Via Dry Powder Inhalers

Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Implications for Dry Powder Inhalers

“…In vitro testing of various drugs has demonstrated that higher flow rates generate smaller particle sizes, thereby allowing for better drug deposition within the lung. (5,16,20,21) Importantly, turbulent energy required for deaggregation is a product of the inhaler's resistance and subsequent flow generated. (6,22) Thus, high resistance devices may require lower PIFRs for deaggregation.…”

Prevalence and COPD Phenotype for a Suboptimal Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate against the Simulated Resistance of the Diskus® Dry Powder Inhaler

“…20 Although a PIFRresist of at least 30 L/min is the minimal inspiratory flow to achieve some clinical effect, in vitro testing has consistently demonstrated that the total and fine particle doses emitted from a DPI are enhanced when PIFRresist is increased from 30 to 60 L/min. 5,21,22 A PIFRresist of at least 60 L/min through a DPI is optimal to generate fine particles of powder ( < 5 lm) that can be inhaled into the lower respiratory tract. 19,23 Pharmaceutical companies have performed in vitro testing of the Aerolizer Ò , Neohaler Ò , and Diskus devices at a PIFR of 60 L/min for 2 sec to assess the dose of the emitted powder.…”