In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Mangifera indica L. Extract-Loaded Green Nanoparticles in Topical Emulsion against Oxidative Stress and Aging

Abstract

Although Mangifera indica L. extract (M-Ext) of the peel and kernel possesses potent antioxidant and excellent antiaging qualities, the effects are only partially seen because of the skin’s limited ability to absorb it. M-Ext was loaded into nanolipid carriers (M-NLCs) in this work to create a green topical formulation that would boost antiaging efficacy and address penetration deficit. Compound identification was done using GCMS and atomic absorption spectroscopy for heavy metals in M-Ext. M-Ext was also evaluated against oxidative stress antioxidant enzymes. The M-NLCs were fabricated and evaluated for their physicochemical characterizations. Cytotoxicity and cell permeation analysis of M-Ext and M-NLCs were carried out in fibroblasts and HaCaT cell lines. An ex vivo permeation study of M-Ext and M-NLC-loaded emulsion was performed through rat skin and the kinetic parameters were determined. Kinetic data showed that the ex vivo permeation of M-NLC-loaded emulsion through rat skin followed the Higuchi model. The safety profile was evaluated in human volunteers after written consent. Three months’ in vivo investigations were conducted using the optimized M-NLC-loaded emulsion and vehicle (B-NLC-loaded emulsion) on human cheeks for comparison. The volunteers’ skin erythema level, melanin contents, TEWL index, moisture contents, sebum level, elasticity, pH, and pore size were examined after the first, second, and third month via noninvasive techniques. There were significant findings for physicochemical characterizations and in vitro and ex vivo studies. The findings demonstrate that the green nanolipid carriers amplified the overall antioxidant effectiveness and may represent an emerging treatment strategy for oxidative stresses and aging.

Exploring the Potential of Extracts from Sloanea medusula and S. calva: Formulating Two Skincare Gels with Antioxidant, Sun Protective Factor, and Anti-Candida albicans Activities

“…Viscosity is frequently employed to analyze the characteristics of a formulation and ensure optimal distribution. It also enables formulators to enhance the efficacy of personal care products because this can be adjusted according to specific application needs [ 30 ].…”

Eco-Friendly Sustainable Nanocarriers to Treat Oxidative Stresses and Skin Aging-Related Ailments, Valorization of a By-Product

“…Then, the mixture incubated readings were taken at 765 nm (Biotech USA, Hungry, microplate reader Elx 800). The TPC were stated as milligrams of gallic acid (standard) equivalents per gram of dry O-Ext [14].…”

“…The TPC of O-Ext was ascertained via the FCR [14,15]. A volume of 110 µL of extract and FCR was shifted into the 96-wells plate and at 37 • C incubated for 5 min.…”

“…The TFC of O-Ext was ascertained via the calorimetric method [14,15]. An amount of 5 mg of O-Ext was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol to prepare stock solution.…”

LC-MS/MS-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Constituents from Glochidion velutinum and Its Activity against Cancer Cell Lines

“…The cells were washed and seeded in cell culture flasks of 25 cm 2 supplemented with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin antibiotics. Then, culture flask cells were seeded in a 96-well plate and were treated with the crude extract and fractions of G. velutinum at a concentration of 600 µg/mL [43].…”