In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Antibacterial Coatings on Titanium Alloy Implants for Veterinary Application

Abstract

The aim of this work was the evaluation of biological properties of hybrid coatings modified with Ag, Cu, and Zn nanoparticles (NPs) applied on TPLO medical implants by the sol-gel process. The implant coatings enriched with various concentrations of metallic NPs were investigated in the in vitro bactericidal efficacy tests against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and pathogenic yeast. Next, the designed materials were tested on human osteosarcoma cell lines. The cells adhesion, proliferation, viability, and differentiation were investigated. The cell growth wasevaluated using SEM, and the metallic ion release was measured. The results revealed that the NPs concentration in the hybrid layers decreased with the incubation time. In the last stage, the implants were tested in vivo on six canine patients. Three months after the operation, the radiological evaluation of the performed anastomosis was carried out as well as the histopathological evaluation of tissue regeneration. The strongest bactericidal efficacy was observed for the layers containing AgNPs. Along with an increased concentration of metallic additives, a growing toxic effect was clearly observed. The most pronounced toxic effect was especially evident with the AgNPs concentration exceeding 1 mol %. In all the operated patients, no deviations were found during the follow-up examinations in the postoperative period. The low dose of AgNPs in the hybrid layer facilitated the tissue healing process. It was proven that silver nanoparticles may accelerate the bone healing process. The correct tissue reparation was observed.

Silver/Graphene Oxide Nanostructured Coatings for Modulating the Microbial Susceptibility of Fixation Devices Used in Knee Surgery

“…The sole modification of titanium surfaces [ 127 , 128 ] and biodegradable polyester scaffolds [ 129 ] with AgNPs has been validated for the fabrication of osteogenic and anti-infective orthopedic devices. In comparison with bare titanium-based devices, implants coated with AgNP-loaded organosilica-based hybrid materials [ 130 ] and wires modified with silver multilayer coatings [ 131 ] reduced post-implantation inflammation and led to enhanced bone healing during ligament reconstruction surgery in animal models.…”

Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Coatings for Stents in Veterinary Medicine—State of the Art and Perspectives

“…Moreover, there are known in vitro reports using titanium plates coated with titanium nanotubes, additionally loaded with AgNPs for veterinary implants to support bone regeneration [147]. Another study, on six canine patients, showed faster bone regeneration and reduced the inflammatory process after tibial plateau osteotomy [148]. However, other than these, nanoparticle-coated medical devices in veterinary medicine are rather rare.…”