In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of the New Magnetic-Cerium Oxide Nanoconjugates

Abstract

Background. Cerium oxide nanoparticles present the mimetic activity of superoxide dismutase, being able to inactivate the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlated with a large number of pathologies, such as stents restenosis and the occurrence of genetic mutations that can cause cancer. This study presents the synthesis and biological characterisation of nanoconjugates based on nanoparticles of iron oxide interconnected with cerium oxide conjugates. Methods. The synthesis of magnetite-nanoceria nanoconjugates has been done in several stages, where the key to the process is the coating of nanoparticles with polyethyleneimine and its chemical activation-reticulation with glutaraldehyde. The nanoconjugates are characterised by several techniques, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results. Iron oxide nanoparticles interconnected with cerium oxide nanoparticles were obtained, having an average diameter of 8 nm. Nanoconjugates prove to possess superparamagnetic properties and the saturation magnetisation varies with the addition of diamagnetic components in the system, remaining within the limits of biomedical applications. In vitro free-radical scavenging properties of nanoceria are improved after the coating of nanoparticles with polyethylenimine and conjugation with magnetite nanoparticles. In vivo studies reveal increased antioxidant activity in all organs and fluids collected from mice, which demonstrates the ability of the nanoconjugates to reduce oxidative stress. Conclusion. Nanoconjugates possess magnetic properties, being able to scavenge free radicals, reducing the oxidative stress. The combination of the two properties mentioned above makes them excellent candidates for theranostic applications.

Cerium Oxide-Decorated γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: Design, Synthesis and in vivo Effects on Parameters of Oxidative Stress

“…Neither the dispersity (Ð = 1.33) nor morphology of the γ-Fe 2 O 3 /CeO x particles ( Figure 1B) substantially differed from those of starting γ-Fe 2 O 3 . This was in agreement with results obtained on magnetic cerium oxide nanoconjugates prepared by glutaraldehyde-crosslinked polyethyleneimine-coated mixture of magnetic and cerium oxide nanoparticles (Turin-Moleavin et al, 2019). Compared to the γ-Fe 2 O 3 particles, the hydrodynamic size of γ-Fe 2 O 3 /CeO x nanoparticles in water increased (D h = 85 nm), probably due to the presence of CeO x and the citrate layer; ζ-potential did not substantially change from that of γ-Fe 2 O 3 .…”

<p>The Advances of Ceria Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications in Orthopaedics</p>

“…Besides, in terms of imaging, such as reducing the harmful effects of Gd, enhancing the contrast of MRI is very attractive; 28 Regarding drug carrier, CeO 2 -NPs are applied as carrier encapsulated in liposome or pegylated to combine with other materials; magnetic nanoconjugate delivery system with core-shell structure is in research. 27,142 In clinical application, the ability of CeO 2 -NPs to promote angiogenesis and development turns out critical. Despite the challenges mentioned above, it is expected that in the future, CeO 2 -NPs will overcome the limitations to work well in 3D tissue-engineered materials and flourish in interdisciplinary nanomedicine.…”

Hyaluronic Acid Loaded with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Antioxidant in Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Chondrocytes Injury: An In Vitro Osteoarthritis Model

“…Mimicking natural antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, the switching between CeO 2 and CeO 2 -x during redox reactions makes CeO 2 nanoparticles a lucrative catalytic nanoparticle. It is able to inactivate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is correlated with a large number of pathologies [ 41 ]. CeO 2 nanoparticles can scavenge most reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species via an auto-regenerative mechanism.…”