In vitro and in vivo Characterization of Avian Escherichia coli. III. Immunization

Rosenberger, J. K.; Fries, P. A.; Cloud, Sandra S.

doi:10.2307/1590465

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Mutants of E. coli not only produce colonies appearing 'rough' on solid media but also become non-typable as standard serological methods of serotyping do not allow the determination of their specific antigenicity. Such non-typable strains have on many occasions been isolated from clinical cases of avian colisepticaemia (Rosenberger et al, 1984) and studies of their pathogenic properties showed that some of them are highly pathogenic to day-old broiler chicks (Rosenberger et al, 1985). In this regard results presented here confirm earlier reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Pathogenicity of five rough mutants ofEscherichia coliisolated from broilers

1986

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYThe cultural and pathogenic properties of five rough mutants of avian E. coli were compared with those of four smooth strains. None of the smooth strains showed the ability to agglutinate in aqueous solutions of acriflavine higher than 1:500. On this basis they could be differentiated from the rough strains. In contrast to the smooth strains none of the rough strains grew on D1.5 medium containing 400 ig/ml of crystal violet as an inhibitor. Endotoxin potency was investigated by inoculating 10-day-old chick embryos with bacteria which were dried with alcohol, aceton and ether under vacuum in the presence of CaCl 2 . Pathogenicity of live bacteria was tested by inoculation of 1-day-old commercial broiler chicks via their yolk sacs. The virulence of two live rough mutants (R1 and R2) in a concentration of 10 4 colony forming units (CFU)/ml of inoculum proved to be higher than that of the smooth strains. Live bacteria of both smooth and rough E. coli under experimental conditions produced the same gross pathology in day-old chicks. INTRODUCTIONA considerable number of non-typable and autoagglutinable strains of E. coli has been isolated lately from clinically affected birds as well as from poultry dust. Rosenberger et al. (1984) reported that 16 out of 95 E. coli isolates were nontypable and highly or moderately pathogenic to 1-day-old broiler chicks. Nakamura et al. (1982), testing fluctuation of drug-resistant E. coli strains, has isolated some non-typable forms from the fluff of hatchers and from day-old chicks. It is known that E. coli bacteria undergo smooth to rough (S to R) mutation and that this change results in greater or lesser loss of polysaccharide which determines 0 serotype. Rough forms are characterised by their ability to agglutinate spontaneously in the culture medium or serum (Edwards and Ewing, 1968).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Rosenberger et al (1984) reported that 16 out of 95 E. coli isolates were nontypable and highly or moderately pathogenic to 1-day-old broiler chicks. Nakamura et al (1982), testing fluctuation of drug-resistant E. coli strains, has isolated some non-typable forms from the fluff of hatchers and from day-old chicks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of five rough mutants ofEscherichia coliisolated from broilers

1986

Avian Pathology

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“…For embryo lethality studies, three additional APEC isolates were used: APEC V1 (O nontypeable) and APEC V2 and V7 (both O2). For 1-day-old chick studies, three strains previously characterized as being of high, intermediate, and low lethality towards birds were used (53). All isolates were serogrouped through the E. coli Reference Center (Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA) and were screened for traits associated with APEC and UPEC virulence, using the techniques described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome Sequence of Avian PathogenicEscherichia coliStrain O1:K1:H7 Shares Strong Similarities with Human Extraintestinal PathogenicE. coliGenomes

et al. 2007

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Escherichia coli strains that cause disease outside the intestine are known as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and include human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Regardless of host of origin, ExPEC strains share many traits. It has been suggested that these commonalities may enable APEC to cause disease in humans. Here, we begin to test the hypothesis that certain APEC strains possess potential to cause human urinary tract infection through virulence genotyping of 1,000 APEC and UPEC strains, generation of the first complete genomic sequence of an APEC (APEC O1:K1:H7) strain, and comparison of this genome to all available human ExPEC genomic sequences. The genomes of APEC O1 and three human UPEC strains were found to be remarkably similar, with only 4.5% of APEC O1's genome not found in other sequenced ExPEC genomes. Also, use of multilocus sequence typing showed that some of the sequenced human ExPEC strains were more like APEC O1 than other human ExPEC strains. This work provides evidence that at least some human and avian ExPEC strains are highly similar to one another, and it supports the possibility that a food-borne link between some APEC and UPEC strains exists. Future studies are necessary to assess the ability of APEC to overcome the hurdles necessary for such a food-borne transmission, and epidemiological studies are required to confirm that such a phenomenon actually occurs.Escherichia coli is among the world's most well-studied organisms and is often found at the forefront of advancing technology. Not surprisingly, E. coli is on the leading edge of an ongoing shift in the field of genomics (3,6,65). Now that at least one representative organism per species has been sequenced for most pathogens of interest, the focus in genomics has reoriented towards obtaining multiple sequences within a species. With more genomic sequences available for E. coli than for any other species, it leads this trend (3). Thus far, all of the pathogenic E. coli strains sequenced have originated from human hosts (6,8,10,24,47,68). This bias has left a gap in our knowledge, as various E. coli strains cause significant and widespread disease in animals, including in those raised for human consumption (2, 13, 41). Consequently, while the genomic analysis of E. coli strains from animals can be justified solely on the basis of E. coli's detrimental impact on animal agriculture, a broader justification would also include the potential link between animal-source E. coli and human disease.Links between human and animal disease caused by E. coli are well established in some instances but remain speculative in others. For instance, recent reports of outbreaks of human urinary tract infections (UTIs) have stimulated interest in the potential that E. coli from animals has to cause human UTIs via the food supply (28,41,49). Since UTIs are among the world's most common bacterial infections (20), cause significant morbidity, and cost the health care system of the United States over a billion dolla...

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“…Of these, 556 isolates were previously characterized for the presence of a subset of the genes included in this study (37). Also included among the 794 APEC isolates were 124 strains that were previously assigned to low-, intermediate-, or high-pathogenicity groups based on lesions and mortalities observed in experimentally infected chicks (6,39,40). Isolates were serogrouped by the E. coli Reference Center at Pennsylvania State University, University Park.…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Minimal Predictors of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence for Use as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool

et al. 2008

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To identify traits that predict avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) virulence, 124 avian E. coli isolates of known pathogenicity and serogroup were subjected to virulence genotyping and phylogenetic typing. The results were analyzed by multiple-correspondence analysis. From this analysis, five genes carried by plasmids were identified as being the most significantly associated with highly pathogenic APEC strains: iutA, hlyF, iss, iroN, and ompT. A multiplex PCR panel targeting these five genes was used to screen a collection of 994 avian E. coli isolates. APEC isolates were clearly distinguished from the avian fecal E. coli isolates by their possession of these genes, suggesting that this pentaplex panel has diagnostic applications and underscoring the close association between avian E. coli virulence and the possession of ColV plasmids. Also, the sharp demarcation between APEC isolates and avian fecal E. coli isolates in their plasmid-associated virulence gene content suggests that APEC isolates are well equipped for a pathogenic lifestyle, which is contrary to the widely held belief that most APEC isolates are opportunistic pathogens. Regardless, APEC isolates remain an important problem for poultry producers and a potential concern for public health professionals, as growing evidence suggests a possible role for APEC in human disease. Thus, the pentaplex panel described here may be useful in detecting APEC-like strains occurring in poultry production, along the food chain, and in human disease. This panel may be helpful toward clarifying potential roles of APEC in human disease, ascertaining the source of APEC in animal outbreaks, and identifying effective targets of avian colibacillosis control.

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In vitro and in vivo Characterization of Avian Escherichia coli. III. Immunization

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Pathogenicity of five rough mutants ofEscherichia coliisolated from broilers

Pathogenicity of five rough mutants ofEscherichia coliisolated from broilers

The Genome Sequence of Avian PathogenicEscherichia coliStrain O1:K1:H7 Shares Strong Similarities with Human Extraintestinal PathogenicE. coliGenomes

Identification of Minimal Predictors of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence for Use as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool

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