In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of Mayan propolis

Abstract

Introduction Propolis has been used traditionally for different human diseases and even recently as dental biomaterials because of its antibacterial, antimycotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, a proper correlation between in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties has not been clearly established. Methods The composition of propolis was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-MS). Viability of ethanolic propolis solution was evaluated by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on murine macrophages. The anti-inflammatory properties were assessed both in vitro through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantification of various cytokines and in vivo by induced edemas. Results Chemical analysis showed pinocembrin, pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, and pinobanksin-3-O-propionate as the main components of propolis. Macrophage viability was high (106%) when propolis was used up to 50 µg/mL. ELISA studies showed a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) up to 145 pg/mL, 350 pg/mL, and 210 pg/mL, respectively, while the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) were increased up to 833 pg/mL and 446 pg/mL. Finally, edema was reduced on paw and ear mice by 9% and 22%, respectively. Conclusion Mayan propolis has strong in vitro anti-inflammatory properties without compromising macrophage viability, resulting in a low-to-mild in vivo anti-inflammatory response.

Mechanical Properties of Poly(Alkenoate) Cement Modified with Propolis as an Antiseptic

“…In this regard, the bactericidal effect of propolis has been attributed to the presence of flavonoids being more effective against Streptococcus salivarius rather than Streptococcus mutans [ 35 ]. In this line of thought, we have reported that the major components of propolis were pinocembrin, pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, and pinobanksin-3-O-propionate, which can be partly responsible for its mild antibacterial behavior [ 32 ].…”

“…Furthermore, previous results from our group demonstrated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of propolis, as the levels of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were low, while the levels of IL-10 and IL-4 were high. Overall, the clinical performance of the propolis MPAC will depend not only on its antibacterial properties, but also on its antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory properties [ 32 ]. In addition, it has been reported that propolis is used for the treatment of candidiasis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and pulpitis in dentistry, and there are reports regarding the antibacterial effects of propolis on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.…”

“…Ethanolic solution of propolis (20 wt%, Brand Yucamiel) with a total flavonoid content of 25.94 ± 2.06 mg of quercitin/g, phenol content of 49.68 ± 0.29 mg garlic acid/g, 2.5 µg/mL of average inhibitory concentration (IC50), and antiradical power (1/IC50) of 0.40 was used for all experiments, as reported in a prior publication [ 32 ]. Fuji IX PAC was purchased from GC Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), while S .…”

“…Propolis-modified dental materials can accelerate wound healing due to anti-inflammatory responses, as tissue repair is mediated by their inflammatory mechanism [ 32 ]. Furthermore, controversial results exist on propolis addition to PAC; for example, microhardness has been reported to increase via the use of the ethanolic extracts of propolis [ 33 ], whereas a reduction in compression strength has been reported due to adding propolis to PAC type II [ 34 ], but with an increase in compressive strength regarding high-viscosity PAC [ 35 ].…”

Attenuation of carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and plasma TNF-α level by Philippine stingless bee (<i>Tetragonula biroi</i> Friese) propolis

“…This restraining effect appears to be mediated through the modulatory influence exerted by propolis upon mononuclear macrophages most likely via the engagement of TNF-R1 receptor [66,68]. Congruent with this proposition, propolis treatment has been noted by few independent investigations to considerably obviate the profound upregulation of TNF-α levels in several human and murine monocyte/macrophage cells such as THP-1 [69], J774A.1 [70], and peritoneal macrophages [71]. However, the detailed molecular underpinnings by which propolis regulate the TNF-α signaling pathway remains to be elucidated.…”