In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility Studies of a Cast and Coated Titanium Alloy

Sommer, Ursula; Laurich, Stephan; Azevedo, Lucie de; Viehoff, Katharina; Wenisch, Sabine; Thormann, Ulrich; Alt, Volker; Heiß, Christian; Schnettler, Reinhard

doi:10.3390/molecules25153399

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Titanium and its alloys form a very stable oxide layer in quasi-physiological environments bestowing them with exceptional biocompatibility as compared to other metal implant materials [ 80 ]. Pitting and crevice corrosion have scarcely been found on implants of Ti-alloys up until now [ 81 ].…”

Section: Biological Compatibility and Corrosiveness Of Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Internal Fixation Materials in In Vivo Environments—A Review

Guo

2021

Materials

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The development of crack patterns is a serious problem affecting the durability of orthopedic implants and the prognosis of patients. This issue has gained considerable attention in the medical community in recent years. This literature focuses on the five primary aspects relevant to the evaluation of the surface cracking patterns, i.e., inappropriate use, design flaws, inconsistent elastic modulus, allergic reaction, poor compatibility, and anti-corrosiveness. The hope is that increased understanding will open doors to optimize fabrication for biomedical applications. The latest technological issues and potential capabilities of implants that combine absorbable materials and shape memory alloys are also discussed. This article will act as a roadmap to be employed in the realm of orthopedic. Fatigue crack growth and the challenges associated with materials must be recognized to help make new implant technologies viable for wider clinical adoption. This review presents a summary of recent findings on the fatigue mechanisms and fracture of implant in the initial period after surgery. We propose solutions to common problems. The recognition of essential complications and technical problems related to various approaches and material choices while satisfying clinical requirements is crucial. Additional investigation will be needed to surmount these challenges and reduce the likelihood of fatigue crack growth after implantation.

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Section: Biological Compatibility and Corrosiveness Of Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Internal Fixation Materials in In Vivo Environments—A Review

Guo

2021

Materials

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“…The two most common powder bed fusion (PBF) AM technologies are direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM). Titanium (Ti) alloy prostheses fabricated by the conventional methods such as casting and machining have been shown to have good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. To summarize, Ti products made by AM have also demonstrated good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Titanium Surfaces Created by 3D Printing Methods, Particle Sizes, and Acid Etching on Protein Adsorption and Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Differentiation

et al. 2022

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The surfaces of 3D printed titanium prostheses have major impacts on the clinical performance of the prostheses. To investigate the surface effects of the products generated by 3D printed titanium on osseointegration, six surface types of titanium discs produced by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) methods, with two sizes of titanium particles and post-printing acid etching, were used to examine the surface topography and to explore the protein adsorption, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions, and MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The EBM-printed disc showed a stripy and smooth surface without evidence of the particles used, while the DMLS surface contained many particles. After acid etching, small particles on the DMLS surface were removed, whereas the large particles were left. Moreover, distinct proteins with low molecular weights were attached to the 3D printed titanium discs but not to the pre-printing titanium particles. The small titanium particles stimulated the highest TNF-α and IL-6 gene expressions at 24 h. The alizarin red content and osteocalcin gene expression at day 21 were the highest in the groups of acid-etched discs printed by DMLS with the small particles and by EBM. Therefore, the acid-treated surfaces without particles favor osteogenic differentiation. The surface design of 3D printed titanium prostheses should be based on their clinical applications.

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“…In both animal models, no significant difference in osseointegration after 3 months (rabbit and rat) or 6 months (rabbit) in comparison to the respective machined control implants could be observed. Recently, with respect to the treatment of large bone defects, a porous cast titanium alloy (Ti6Al7Nb) was reported to possess good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility after acid etching [20]. We are not aware, however, of any previous in vitro studies on the cell-biologic response of osteogenic cells in contact with cast titanium or titanium alloy without mechanical or chemical removal of the superficial layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ti6Al4V Surfaces Manufactured through Precision Centrifugal Casting and Modified by Calcium and Phosphorus Ion Implantation on Human Osteoblasts

Fiedler

Betül

Michels

et al. 2020

Metals

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(1) In order to enable a more widespread use of uncemented titanium-based endoprostheses to replace cobalt-containing cemented endoprostheses for joint replacement, it is essential to achieve optimal osseointegrative properties and develop economic fabrication processes while retaining the highest biomedical quality of titanium materials. One approach is the usage of an optimized form of Ti6Al4V-precision casting for manufacturing. Besides the chemical and physical properties, it is necessary to investigate possible biological influences in order to test whether the new manufacturing process is equivalent to conventional methods. (2) Methods: Primary human osteoblasts were seeded on discs, which were produced by a novel Ti6Al4V centrifugal-casting process in comparison with standard machined discs of the same titanium alloy. In a second step, the surfaces were modified by calcium or phosphorus ion beam implantation. In vitro, we analyzed the effects on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic processes. (3) Results: SEM analysis of cells seeded on the surfaces showed no obvious differences between the reference material and the cast material with or without ion implantation. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) proliferation assay also did not reveal any significant differences. Additionally, the osteogenic differentiation process tested by quantitative polymerase chain reactions (PCR), Alizarin red S assay, and C-terminal collagen type I propeptide (CICP) Elisa was not significantly modified. No signs of induced apoptosis were observed. (4) Conclusions: In this study, we could show that the newly developed process of centrifugal casting generated a material with comparable surface features to standard machined Ti6Al4V material. In terms of biological impact on primary human osteoblasts, no significant differences were recognized. Additional Ca- or P-ion implantation did not improve or impair these characteristics in the dosages applied. These findings indicate that spin casting of Ti6Al4V may represent an interesting alternative to the production of geometrically complex orthopedic implants.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility Studies of a Cast and Coated Titanium Alloy

Cited by 11 publications

References 86 publications

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Internal Fixation Materials in In Vivo Environments—A Review

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Internal Fixation Materials in In Vivo Environments—A Review

Effects of Different Titanium Surfaces Created by 3D Printing Methods, Particle Sizes, and Acid Etching on Protein Adsorption and Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Differentiation

Effects of Ti6Al4V Surfaces Manufactured through Precision Centrifugal Casting and Modified by Calcium and Phosphorus Ion Implantation on Human Osteoblasts

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