In Vitro and In Vivo Study of a Novel Nanoscale Demineralized Bone Matrix Coated PCL/β‐TCP Scaffold for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Bone defects remains a challenge for surgeons. Bone graft scaffold can fill the defect and enhance the bone regeneration. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an allogeneic bone graft substitute, which can only be used as a filling material rather than a structural bone graft. Coating of the scaffolds with nanoscale DBM may enhance the osteoinductivity or osteoconductivity. Herein the lyophilization method is presented to coat the nano‐DBM on surface of the porous polycaprolactone (PCL)/β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing technology. The morphology, elastic modulus, in vitro cell biocompatibility, and in vivo performance are investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows DBM particle clusters with size of 200–500 nm are observed on scaffolds fibers after coating. MC3T3‐E1 cells on nano‐DBM coated PCL/β‐TCP scaffold show better activity than on PCL/β‐TCP scaffold. In vivo tests show better infiltration of new bone tissue in nano‐DBM coated PCL/β‐TCP scaffold than PCL/β‐TCP scaffold via the interface. These results show the presence of nano‐DBM coating on PCL/β‐TCP scaffold could enhance the attachment, proliferation, and viability of cells and benefit for the new bone formation surrounding and deep inside the scaffolds. Nano‐DBM could potentially be used as a new kind of biomaterial for bone defect treatment.

Clinical application of concentrate growth factors combined with bone substitute in Alveolar ridge preservation of anterior teeth

“…However, due to the additional site and prolonged time of operation, the morbidity of donor side, limited autogenous bone availability and postoperative discomfort, bone substitutes are more commonly used for bone regeneration. Bone graft materials are chosen based on their ability to serve as a scaffold, maintain space for new bone ingrowth and possess osteoconductive activity [ 23 ].…”

Modifications in Gene Expression in the Process of Osteoblastic Differentiation of Multipotent Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by a Novel Osteoinductive Porous Medical-Grade 3D-Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone)/β-tricalcium Phosphate Composite

“…Biocompatibility is one of the most important factors to be taken into account for the fabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this regard, both PCL and β-TCP have been previously reported as biocompatible and safe biomaterials [64][65][66]. Cytotoxicity assays are widely used to measure loss of cellular or intracellular structures and functions, including lethal cytotoxicity levels, providing an unequivocal indication of their potential to cause cell or tissue damage.…”

Impact of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Vascularization of Osteogenic Scaffolds

“…Although titanium nanoparticles released from medical implants are critically discussed as potential contributors to chronic inflammation, the animals tolerated the porous titanium chambers well [49]. On the other hand, innovative new biomaterials such as slow-degradable polycaprolactone coated with osteogenic molecules (e.g., ß-TCP) opens new perspectives for bone tissue engineering [50].…”