In vitro and in vivo anti-salmonella properties of hydroethanolic extract of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. (Leguminosae) root bark and LC-MS-based phytochemical analysis

Anti-Salmonella activity of plant species in the Benin republic: Artemisia afra and Detarium senegalense with promising in vitro and in vivo activities

“…For example, Hussain and Deeni [46] evaluated the antibacterial potential of D. microcarpum and found that the stem bark methanolic extract at a concentration of 2 mg/mL had an inhibition zone diameter of less than 8 mm on Salmonella spp. Also, Mbock et al [47] tested an ethanolic extract along with the n-hexanic, dichloromethanic, ethyl acetate and n-butanolic fractions of D. microcarpum against three strains of Salmonella (S. Typhi, S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis) and found MICs ranging from 4.55 μg/mL to more than 500 μg/mL. The authors also showed that the ethanolic extract of D. microcarpum had anti-Salmonella activity in infected rats with an effective dose (ED50) of 75 mg/kg.…”

“…These results are comparable to those reported for D. microcarpum. Indeed, Mbock et al [47] found that the oral administration of ethanolic extract of D. microcarpum root bark had a lethal dose (LD50) greater than 5000 mg/kg in an in vivo Salmonella model of infection. They also found that the plant extract protected body weight loss and vital organs of treated rats.…”

“…Regarding phytochemical analysis, no previous rigorous studies have isolated the chemical compounds responsible for the biological activities of D. senegalense stem bark. However, Mbock et al [47] isolated rhinocerotinoic acid and lupeol from the root bark of D. microcarpum and found that rhinocerotinoic had an MIC of 31.25 µg/mL against S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, as well as an MIC of 62.50 µg/mL against S. typhi. In other studies, microcarposide, lupeol, betulinic acid, β-sitosterol glucoside, methyl gallate, luteolin, and epicatechin were isolated from the methanolic extract of D. microcarpum fruits and only microcarposide, an isovaleronitrile diglycoside, exhibited anti--Salmonella activity with MICs of 76.7-153.4 µM [48].…”

Ethnobotanical survey and phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts from Detarium microcarpum Guill. Perr in Mali

“…This difference might be linked with the extraction solvent could also have an influence on the presence of secondary metabolites, since the comparison of nhexane versus methanolic extracts from stem bark showed that the first solvent could recover only few of the compounds found in the methanolic extract (Zakari and Kubmarawa, 2016). Likewise, hydroethanolic extracts of D. microcarpum roots, root bark, leaf and twig extracts revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, glucosides, coumarins, and saponins, while alkaloids and tannins were absent (Mbock et al, 2020). Also for methanolic leaf extracts of (David et al, 2017), in a different study carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids (Kurmi et al, 2021).…”