In Vitro and in Vivo Characterization of a Newly Developed Clonidine Transdermal Patch for Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize a newly developed clonidine transdermal patch, KBD-transdermal therapeutic system (TTS), for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. In vitro release, penetration, and in vivo pharmacokinetics in rabbits were investigated. The smaller size of KBD-TTS (2.5 mg/2.5 cm

Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of clonidine in human plasma

“…Several bioanalytical methods are reported to determine clonidine in different biological matrices like plasma [2][3][4][5], serum [6,7,[11][12][13], urine [6], and cerebrospinal fluids [2]. Sensitive and selective methods based on LC-MS/MS [3][4][5]7,8,13], HPLC [2,9,10,12,14], GC-MS [11] and capillary isotachophoresis [6] methodologies are reported.…”

“…Sensitive and selective methods based on LC-MS/MS [3][4][5]7,8,13], HPLC [2,9,10,12,14], GC-MS [11] and capillary isotachophoresis [6] methodologies are reported. Most of the assays reported for clonidine employ liquid-liquid extraction, where as we are presenting a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure for sample extraction which is very simple, less time consuming and gives high throughput.…”

Formulation and biopharmaceutical evaluation of a transdermal patch containing letrozole

“…Transdermal application is an attractive method of drug administration, providing several various benefits: for example, avoidance of a potential hepatic first-pass effect, and the feasibility of constant drug delivery over a period up to one week. In addition, the dosage form of transdermal patches is user-friendly, convenient, painless, and offers multi-day dosing, it is generally accepted that it is associated with improved patient compliance [1][2][3][4]. Moreover, owing to high local tissue concentrations of drug in the application position, the transdermal therapeutic system is of particular clinical significance for the prevention and long-term treatment of many localized diseases.…”

Formulation and stability study of chlorpheniramine maleate transdermal patch

“…Such a system offers a variety of significant clinical benefits over others, such as tablet and injection. [1][2][3] Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) can deliver certain medication to systemic circulation in a more convenient and effective way than is possible with conventional dosage form. The potential of skin as a path of drug administration has been amply demonstrated by the acceptability of marketed therapeutic systems.…”