In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components

Baek, Ki Hyun; Yi, Young-Su; Son, Young–Jin; Yoo, Seunghyun; Sung, Nak Yoon; Kim, Yong; Hong, Sungyoul; Aravinthan, Adithan; Kim, Jong-Hoon; Cho, Jae Youl

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.003

Cited by 103 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similar results were reported by a study that demonstrated saponins obtained from Camellia oleifera effectively removed sebum (Chen, Yang, Chang, Ciou, & Huang, 2010). In addition, red ginseng has been reported by various studies to have anti-inflammatory effects in vitro (Baek et al, 2016) and in vivo (Lee & Cho, 2017), and in this study, too, improvement of early stage inflammatory symptoms such as papules was clinically demonstrated. Thus, red ginseng extracts that contain red-ginseng-derived antimicrobial substances are expected to control the symptoms of acne effectively by not only killing P. acnes but also removing sebum and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.…”

Section: Clinical Trialssupporting

confidence: 91%

Anti‐acne properties of hydrophobic fraction of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and its active components

Hou

Shin

Jang

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

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Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that occurs when bacteria abnormally grow in hair follicles. The most common treatment is antibiotics, but they are limited due to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify the active ingredients of the antimicrobial effects of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), compare it to existing antibacterial substances, and determine its potential efficacy as a natural drug product. The hydrophobic fraction in red ginseng ethanol extract (RGEF) showed the same or better antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes than benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid. In addition, the antimicrobial component derived from red ginseng selectively showed a high antimicrobial effect on P. acnes. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the active antimicrobial substance in this fraction was panaxynol and panaxydol. Twenty subjects who had acne symptoms were treated with cream containing 3 mg/g of RGEF for 4 weeks. It was found that oxidized sebum contents and redness of the skin were reduced, and symptoms of the early to middle stage of acne were effectively improved. This study showed that red ginseng extract containing panaxynol and panaxydol can effectively control the symptoms of acne.

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Section: Clinical Trialssupporting

confidence: 91%

Anti‐acne properties of hydrophobic fraction of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and its active components

Hou

Shin

Jang

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

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“…A luciferase construct that contained promoters sensitive to NF-κB was used as reported previously [20]. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), DMEM, RPMI 1640, and trypsin were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beauvericin, a cyclic peptide, inhibits inflammatory responses in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway

Yoo

Kim

Cho

2017

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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Beauvericin (BEA), a cyclic hexadepsipeptide produced by the fungus Beauveria bassiana, is known to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial actions. However, how BEA suppresses macrophage-induced inflammatory responses has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory properties of BEA and the underlying molecular mechanisms using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), mRNA levels of transcription factors and the inflammatory genes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-1, and protein levels of activated intracellular signaling molecules were determined by Griess assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), luciferase reporter gene assay, and immunoblotting analysis. BEA dose-dependently blocked the production of NO in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells without inducing cell cytotoxicity. BEA also prevented LPS-triggered morphological changes. This compound significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50. Luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that BEA suppresses MyD88-dependent NF-κB activation. By analyzing upstream signaling events for NF-κB activation and overexpressing Src and Syk, these two enzymes were revealed to be targets of BEA. Together, these results suggest that BEA suppresses NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by suppressing both Src and Syk.

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“…Total RNA was extracted using TRI reagent®, and cDNA was synthesized from 1 μg of total RNA using reverse transcriptase, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using qPCRBIO SyGreen Mix Lo-ROX dye, according to the manufacturer's instructions as reported previously (Baek et al, 2016). The primer sequences used for PCR are listed in Table 1. 2.9 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes were treated with escalating doses of Mc-eWE (0-400 μg/ml) for 24 and 12 hr, respectively.…”

Section: Cell Viability Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morinda citrifolia noni water extract enhances innate and adaptive immune responses in healthy mice, ex vivo, and in vitro

Hong

Han

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Although Morinda citrifolia (noni) has long been used in traditional medicines for human diseases, its molecular and cellular mechanism of immunostimulatory ability to improve human health under normal healthy conditions is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory activity of M. citrifolia fruit water extract treated with enzymes (Mc‐eWE). In vitro studies revealed that Mc‐eWE stimulated the cells by inducing nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ). The immunostimulatory activity was mediated by activation of NF‐κB and AP‐1. Ex vivo studies showed that Mc‐eWE stimulated splenocytes isolated from mice by inducing NO production and expression of immunostimulatory cytokines and by downregulating the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL‐10 without cytotoxicity. In vivo demonstrated that Mc‐eWE induced immunostimulation by modulating populations of splenic immune cells, especially by increasing the population of IFN‐γ+ NK cells. Mc‐eWE enhanced the expression of inflammatory genes and immunostimulatory cytokines and inhibited the expression of IL‐10 in the mouse splenocytes and sera. Taken together, these results suggest that Mc‐eWE plays an immunostimulatory role by activating innate and adaptive immune responses.

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In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components

Cited by 103 publications

References 34 publications

Anti‐acne properties of hydrophobic fraction of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and its active components

Anti‐acne properties of hydrophobic fraction of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and its active components

Beauvericin, a cyclic peptide, inhibits inflammatory responses in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway

Morinda citrifolia noni water extract enhances innate and adaptive immune responses in healthy mice, ex vivo, and in vitro

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