In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Antimicrobials against
            <i>Nocardia brasiliensis</i>

Gomez-Flores, Alejandra; Welsh, Oliverio; Said‐Fernández, Salvador; Lozano-Garza, Gerardo; Tavarez-Alejandro, Roman Erick; Vera-Cabrera, Lucio

doi:10.1128/aac.48.3.832-837.2004

Cited by 51 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Generally, susceptibility or resistance to certain antimicrobial agents can be predicted for the most frequently isolated species of clinical significance, including N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N. cyriacigeorgica, N. nova, and the N. transvalensis complex (represented in this study by N. wallacei) (9,16,18,19). However, for other newly described species and some strains of the more common species, susceptibility patterns are unknown or are not predictable (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisite Reproducibility of the Broth Microdilution Method for Susceptibility Testing of Nocardia Species

Conville¹,

Brown‐Elliott

Wallace

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of clinical isolates of Nocardia is recommended to detect resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents; such testing is complicated by difficulties in inoculum preparation and test interpretation. In this study, six laboratories performed repetitive broth microdilution testing on single strains of Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Nocardia farcinica, Nocardia nova, and Nocardia wallacei. For each isolate, a total of 30 microdilution panels from three different lots were tested at most sites. The goal of the study was to determine the inter-and intralaboratory reproducibility of susceptibility testing of this group of isolates. Acceptable agreement (>90% agreement at ؎1 dilution of the MIC mode) was found for amikacin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and moxifloxacin. After eliminating MIC values from single laboratories whose results showed the greatest deviation from those of the remaining laboratories, acceptable agreement was also found for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, linezolid, minocycline, and tobramycin. Results showed unsatisfactory reproducibility of broth microdilution testing of ceftriaxone with N. cyriacigeorgica and N. wallacei, tigecycline with N. brasiliensis and N. cyriacigeorgica, and sulfonamides with N. farcinica and N. wallacei. N. nova ATCC BAA-2227 is proposed as a quality control organism for AST of Nocardia sp., and the use of a disk diffusion test for sulfisoxazole is proposed as a check of the adequacy of the inoculum and to confirm sulfonamide MIC results. N ocardia species are ubiquitous in the environment and have been implicated in a variety of human infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. In these patients, infection most frequently begins in the lungs, but can quickly disseminate to nearly every organ of the body. Nocardia can also cause disease in the immunocompetent host, in whom it is usually introduced through traumatic injury (2).Nocardia species are known to vary in their susceptibilities to various antimicrobial agents, and some species, especially Nocardia farcinica and members of the Nocardia transvalensis complex, have been shown to be particularly resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Therefore, susceptibility testing should be performed on any Nocardia isolate considered to be of possible clinical significance.In 2003, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) published an approved standard (M24A) for susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardiae, and other aerobic actinomycetes, which specifies the broth microdilution method as the recommended procedure for susceptibility testing of aerobic actinomycetes (6). This document has recently been updated (5). Several years of experience in testing Nocardia isolates at the University of Texas Health Science Center and at the National Institutes of Health have demonstrated difficulties that may occur in inoculum preparation due to the propensity for clumping demonstrated by these organisms. In addition, determination of susc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisite Reproducibility of the Broth Microdilution Method for Susceptibility Testing of Nocardia Species

Conville¹,

Brown‐Elliott

Wallace

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Only one isolate of Nocardia brasiliensis was studied, and that isolate was susceptible to imipenem. Although it has been described that this species is resistant to imipenem (10), the existence of susceptible isolates has been documented in other studies (11).…”

Section: N Asteroides VI (24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amikacin was uniformly active against all isolates but one, which corresponded to the intrinsically amikacin-resistant species Nocardia transvalensis (4). Linezolid presented the lowest MICs of all antimicrobials evaluated, as described previously (4,5,10,11,16). Its availability as an oral agent gives it the potential to be used as a primary drug for the treatment of nocardiosis, but issues regarding tolerance and the toxicity of linezolid in long-term therapy need to be clarified (8,9).…”

Section: N Asteroides VI (24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activities of Tigecycline and Eight Other Antimicrobials against Different Nocardia Species Identified by Molecular Methods

Cercenado

Marı́n

Sánchez-Martínez

et al. 2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activities of tigecycline and other antimicrobials against 51 isolates of Nocardia spp. were evaluated. MIC 90 s and MIC ranges were as follows: tigecycline, 4 and <0.06 to 8 mg/liter, respectively; minocycline, 2 and <0.06 to 2 mg/liter, respectively; linezolid, 1 and <0.06 to 2 mg/liter, respectively; moxifloxacin, 2 and <0.06 to >64 mg/liter, respectively; ertapenem, 32 and <0.06->64 mg/liter, respectively; imipenem, 2 and <0.06 to >64 mg/liter, respectively; meropenem, 8 and <0.06 to >64 mg/liter, respectively; amikacin, 1 and <0.06 to 32 mg/liter, respectively; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 1/19 and <0.5/9.5 to >2/38 mg/liter, respectively.Nocardia species cause serious infections, especially in immunocompromised patients (4, 6, 16). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has traditionally been the agent of choice for the treatment of nocardiosis, with alternative drugs including minocycline, amikacin, and imipenem (4, 16). Resistance to the previous drugs, toxicity, intolerance, and therapeutic failures justify the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. The activity of tigecycline (15) against Nocardia spp. has never been evaluated; and there is very little information regarding the activities of linezolid, moxifloxacin, and ertapenem (1, 2, 5, 10, 20). In the study described here, we compared the in vitro activities of tigecycline, linezolid, ertapenem, and moxifloxacin with those of minocycline, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against 51 nonduplicate clinical isolates of different Nocardia species.(This study was presented in part at the 44th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, DC, 2004 [E. Cercenado, M. Marín, J. Martínez-Alarcón, and E. Bouza, Abstr. 44th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. E-2062, 2006].).The isolates were obtained from 1995 to 2006 in our laboratory from respiratory samples (n ϭ 41), cutaneous abscesses (n ϭ 5), brain abscesses (n ϭ 2), blood (n ϭ 2), and cerebrospinal fluid (n ϭ 1). Molecular identification was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the hsp65 gene (hsp65 PCR-RFLP) with PCR primers TB11 and TB12 and restriction analysis with BstEII, MspI, HinfI, and BsaHI, as described previously (17, 18). Identification was confirmed by sequencing the first 500 bp of the 16S rRNA gene (7,12,14). A 5Ј-end 16S rRNA gene-specific PCR was performed with universal primers E8F and E533F. The amplicons obtained were sequenced by the BigDye Terminator method and were detected with an ABI Prism 3100 automatic DNA sequencer (Applied Byosystems, Inc.). The sequences of well-characterized Nocardia isolates (14) deposited in GenBank were used as references for phylogenetic tree construction with ClustalX 1.8 software. Only identifications with 100% similarity were considered. The strains were stored at Ϫ70°C in skim milk until they were tested for their susceptibilities.The solutions of the antimicrobials and the cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth us...

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“…Results were interpreted according to published recommendations (CLSI, 2006). The breakpoint of netilmicin was used for isepamicin (Gomez-Flores et al, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid-borne armA methylase gene, together with bla CTX-M-15 and bla TEM-1, in a Klebsiella oxytoca isolate from China

Zhang

Zhou

Shen

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Antimicrobials against Nocardia brasiliensis

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Multisite Reproducibility of the Broth Microdilution Method for Susceptibility Testing of Nocardia Species

Multisite Reproducibility of the Broth Microdilution Method for Susceptibility Testing of Nocardia Species

In Vitro Activities of Tigecycline and Eight Other Antimicrobials against Different Nocardia Species Identified by Molecular Methods

Plasmid-borne armA methylase gene, together with bla CTX-M-15 and bla TEM-1, in a Klebsiella oxytoca isolate from China

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