In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of condensed tannins extracted from the seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) against Haemonchus contortus infection

Abstract

This study was designed to examine in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of condensed tannins (CT) extracted from seeds of Medicago sativa on Haemonchus contortus in sheep. CT's in vitro anthelmintic effect was assessed at a 300 μg/ml concentration compared with albendazole (reference drug) at 10 μg/ml. The results showed that CT had a nematocidal effect on H. contortus, and the cuticle of the adult worm appeared to be its initial target. For the in vivo experiment, nine 3-month-old helminths-free lambs were distributed into three groups. Group 1 (n=3) was challenged only as infected untreated controls; Group 2 (n=3) was treated with condensed tannin, and Group 3 (n=3) was treated with albendazole. Fecal and blood samples were collected every 3 days until the end of the experiment; for fecal egg count (FEC) and anti-H. contortus IgG titers determination, respectively. The lambs treated with the CT in G2 exhibited a pronounced decrease of mean FEC with great FECR% detected from the first-week post-treatment (PT) until the end of the experiment compared with G1 animals. The antibody levels gradually increased in G2 following the 2 nd dose of CT treatment compared to other groups. A brilliant consistent relation between the elevation of IgG response and reduction of FEC was observed following the second booster dosing of the CT in G2. In conclusion, the CT evoked strongly in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity against H. contortus and could be used as a natural alternative treatment of high potency against haemonchosis in sheep.

Comparative Nematocidal Efficacy of Coriander Oils Against Haemonchus Contortus

“…So, the main cause for destructive changes and malformation of the helminthes' body surface might be the passive diffusion of anthelmintics via the worm body wall (Alvarez et al 2007;Schmahl et al 2007). The current observations appeared to be parallel with that demonstrated by previous histomorphological studies about the nematodes' cuticle where this was detected to be a main target organ for many synthetic and natural anthelmintics (Martin et al 1997;Kandil et al 2023). The cuticular distortion of the adult H. contortus induced by coriander essential oil had been reported for these nematodes by a number of anthelmintics (Shalaby et al 2014).…”

“…Plant oils have drawn consideration as a potential normal source of anthelmintic compounds, owing to the event of anthelmintic resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and the increased public demand for drug-free meat products (Salman and Imran 2022; Kandil et al 2023). The anthelmintic potential of crude extracted coriander essential oil, and the pure components of geraniol, linalool, and eugenol, at six concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8mg/mL) were assessed utilizing egg hatch assay against H. contortus eggs.…”

“…Medicinal plants are deemed one of the most remarkable natural and biodegradable anthelmintics (Ferreira et al 2016). A high potency of some medicinal plants was confirmed through in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic action against H. contortus (Helal et al 2022;Kandil et al 2023).…”

Dynamics of Haemonchus Contortus Coproantigen Appearance in Feces of Experimentally Infected Sheep

“…The disease is common in many areas especially in tropical and subtropical regions [1,2]. In Egypt, it is one of the main nematodes infecting sheep and goat populations and negatively affects adult livestock performance and productivity [3]. Acute infection of lambs can cause death.…”