Device-associated infections remain
a clinical challenge. The common
strategies to prevent bacterial infection are either toxic to healthy
mammalian cells and tissue or involve high doses of antibiotics that
can prompt long-term negative consequences. An antibiotic-free coating
strategy to suppress bacterial growth is presented herein, which concurrently
promotes bone cell growth and moderates the dissolution kinetics of
resorbable magnesium (Mg) biomaterials. Pure Mg as a model biodegradable
material was coated with gallium-doped strontium-phosphate through
a chemical conversion process. Gallium was distributed in a gradual
manner throughout the strontium-phosphate coating, with a compact
structure and a gallium-rich surface. It was demonstrated that the
coating protected the underlying Mg parts from significant degradation
in minimal essential media at physiological conditions over 9 days.
In terms of bacteria culture, the liberated gallium ions from the
coatings upon Mg specimens, even though in minute quantities, inhibited
the growth of Gram-positiveStaphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli,
andPseudomonas aeruginosa
key pathogens causing infection and early failure of the surgical
implantations in orthopedics and trauma. More importantly, the gallium
dopants displayed minimal interferences with the strontium-phosphate-based
coating which boosted osteoblasts and undermined osteoclasts in in vitro co-cultures. This work provides a new strategy
to prevent bacterial infection and control the degradation behavior
of Mg-based orthopedic implants, while preserving osteogenic features
of the devices.