In Vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of 21 Indian Timber-Yielding Plants Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection

Abstract

ObjectivesTo screen methanolic leaf extracts of 21 timber-yielding plants for antibacterial activity against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a hospital (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).MethodsBacterial strains were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests by the Kirby–Bauer's disc diffusion method. The antibacterial potentiality of leaf extracts was monitored by the agar-well diffusion method with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of nine uropathogens.ResultsTwo Gram-positive isolates, E. faecalis and S. aureus, were resistant to 14 of the 18 antibiotics used. Gram-negative isolates A. baumannii, C. freundii, E. aerogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa were resistant to 10, 12, 9, 11, 11, 10, and 11 antibiotics, respectively, of the 14 antibiotics used. Methanolic leaf extracts of Anogeissus acuminata had the maximum zone of inhibition size—29 mm against S. aureus and 28 mm against E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Cassia tora had 29 mm as the zone of inhibition size for E. faecalis, E. aerogenes, and P. aeruginosa. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values, the most effective 10 plants against uropathogens could be arranged in decreasing order as follows: C. tora > A. acuminata > Schleichera oleosa > Pterocarpus santalinus > Eugenia jambolana > Bridelia retusa > Mimusops elengi > Stereospermum kunthianum > Tectona grandis > Anthocephalus cadamba. The following eight plants had moderate control capacity: Artocarpus heterophyllus, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia latifolia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Gmelina arborea, Pongamia pinnata, Pterocarpus marsupium, and Shorea robusta. E. coli, followed by A. baumannii, C. freundii, E. aerogenes, P. mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa were controlled by higher amounts/levels of leaf extracts. Phytochemicals of all plants were qualitatively estimated.ConclusionsA majority of timber-yielding plants studied had in vitro control capacity against MDR uropathogenic bacteria.

Brine shrimp lethality and antibacterial activity of extracts from the bark of Schleichera oleosa

“…Polar extracts (methanol and water) of bark of S. oleosa showed strong bacterial inhibition (Figure 1 and Table 1) to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Similar fractions from the leaves of S. oleosa were reported to inhibit few bacterial strains [13,26]. Both the extracts effectively inhibited S. marcescens, E. coli, M. luteus and B. subtilis while the inhibition was not clearly transparent for S. aureus.…”

Ayurvedic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of Schleichera Oleosa (Lour.) Oken: A Traditional Plant With Enormous Biological Activity

“…[34] Tannins as a Phytoconstituents, inhibit several extracellular bacterial enzymes, affect microbial metabolism by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and minimize the availability of essential metal ions by formation of metal complexes. [35] Flavonoids and alkaloids are also important plant constituents for exerting antifungal and antibacterial activity.…”

Untitled

“…It was concluded that the leaves extract is a promising source for anticandidal compounds. Sometimes compounds present in plant extract are responsible for their partition into the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, leading to an alteration of permeability and a consequent leakage of cell contents 3,4,8,25 . CONCLUSION: This research work has shown that the DMSO leaves extract of CF has potent antifungal action and this action was much more pronounced with fluconazole.…”

“…On this study, we assess the synergism between Flu with CF (Cassia fistula). CF is called as 'An Indian Laburnum', also known as the golden shower tree and is a flowering plant belongs to the family Fabaceae 8 . The species is native to the Indian Subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia and has antifungal properties 9 , hepato protective activity 10 , hypo cholesteroleamic activity 11 , hypo glucamic activity 12 , anti plasmodial activity 13 and anti-tumour activity 14 .…”