In vitro antifungal susceptibility of<i>Fusarium</i>species and<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>cultured from eleven horses with fungal keratitis

Martinez, Paoul S.; Whitley, R. David; Plummer, Caryn E.; Richardson, Ricardo M.; Hamor, Ralph E.; Wellehan, James F. X.

doi:10.1111/vop.12995

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The results also showed the presence of mutations TR46/Y121F/T289A (n = 17), TR34/L98H (n = 1), and TR53 (n = 1) and one isolate had a wild-type CYP51 sequence. Thus, there was evidence of the need to implement agricultural surveillance and monitoring of antifungal resistance in isolates from animals and humans [104], in addition to the research for resistant environmental strains, and the evaluation of pesticide uses in floriculture, agriculture, and livestock systems [74,97,98,105]. In the specific case of aqueous media, some studies have reported that filamentous fungi and yeasts, after passing through municipal treatment plants, can acquire resistance to one or several antifungals [58,99,101].…”

Section: Susceptibility Resistance To Antifungals and Resistant Fungi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative and Classical Processes for Disinfection of Water Polluted by Fungi: A Systematic Review

Caicedo-Bejarano,

Morante-Caicedo,

Castro-Narváez

et al. 2024

Water

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The introduction of the first list of priority pathogenic fungi by the World Health Organization stresses the need to research and develop public health actions to mitigate infections caused by fungi. One of those actions involves the water disinfection systems, which comprise classical and alternative methods that have been developed in the last decades. Thereby, this work reviews the disinfection of fungi by classical methods such as chlorination, ozonation, and ultraviolet (UV) treatments and alternative advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photo-Fenton, photocatalysis, or couplings of UV with peroxides. The matrices of aquatic systems (sewage, groundwater, drinking water, among others) were considered. A bibliometric analysis is performed initially, and then some aspects of the resistance to antifungals are presented, and the efficiency of the diverse processes in the reduction in fungal loading is also revised. Herein, it is shown the role of the disinfecting agents (e.g., chlorine, hydroxyl radical, or light) and their effects on fungi structures (e.g., direct DNA damage, or indirect damage due to the action of radicals). Moreover, gaps, such as the treatment of antifungal-resistant fungi and limited information about combinations among AOPs, related to the disinfection of water polluted by fungi, were identified.

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Section: Susceptibility Resistance To Antifungals and Resistant Fungi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative and Classical Processes for Disinfection of Water Polluted by Fungi: A Systematic Review

Caicedo-Bejarano,

Morante-Caicedo,

Castro-Narváez

et al. 2024

Water

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“…Once considered a rare opportunistic infection, FK now accounts for 6-53 % of all infectious ulcerations in humans and 20-57 % of infectious ulcerations in horses, the most affected veterinary species [9][10][11][12]. This escalation in FK incidence, attributed to factors such as environmental change and a growing population of immunosuppressed individuals, is paralleled by concerning development of resistance among the causative organisms to the limited arsenal of available antifungal agents [3,[12][13][14][15]. Antifungal resistance is especially common in species of Fusarium [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This escalation in FK incidence, attributed to factors such as environmental change and a growing population of immunosuppressed individuals, is paralleled by concerning development of resistance among the causative organisms to the limited arsenal of available antifungal agents [3,[12][13][14][15]. Antifungal resistance is especially common in species of Fusarium [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold atmospheric plasma inactivates Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium keratoplasticum biofilms and conidia in vitro

Roberts,

Thomas,

Salmon

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium keratoplasticum are common causative pathogens of fungal keratitis (FK), a severe corneal disease associated with significant morbidity and vision loss. Escalating incidence of antifungal resistance to available antifungal drugs poses a major challenge to FK treatment. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a pioneering nonpharmacologic antimicrobial intervention that has demonstrated potential as a broad-spectrum antifungal treatment. Gap statement. Previous research highlights biofilm-associated resistance as a critical barrier to effective FK treatment. Although CAP has shown promise against various fungal infections, its efficacy against biofilm and conidial forms of FK pathogens remains inadequately explored. Aim. This study aims to investigate the antifungal efficacy of CAP against clinical fungal keratitis isolates of A. flavus and F. keratoplasticum in vitro. Methodology. Power parameters (22–27 kVpp, 300–400 Hz and 20–80 mA) of a dielectric barrier discharge CAP device were optimized for inactivation of A. flavus biofilms. Optimal applied voltage and total current were applied to F. keratoplasticum biofilms and conidial suspensions of A. flavus and F. keratoplasticum. The antifungal effect of CAP treatment was investigated by evaluating fungal viability through means of metabolic activity, c.f.u. enumeration (c.f.u. ml−1) and biofilm formation. Results. For both fungal species, CAP exhibited strong time-dependent inactivation, achieving greater than 80 % reduction in metabolic activity and c.f.u. ml−1 within 300 s or less, and complete inhibition after 600 s of treatment. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that CAP is a promising broad-spectrum antifungal intervention. CAP treatment effectively reduces fungal viability in both biofilm and conidial suspension cultures of A. flavus and F. keratoplasticum, suggesting its potential as an alternative treatment strategy for fungal keratitis.

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“…These results, however, are notoriously challenging to interpret, particularly in the absence of established drug breakpoints for most Aspergillus and Fusarium species [12]. In vitro resistance in the face of clinical efficacy, and vice versa, are both regularly reported [8,13,14]. A driving factor of this incongruity is that traditional MIC assays exclusively test antifungals against a suspension of asexual fungal spores called conidia [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Dependent Differential In Vitro and Ex Vivo Susceptibility of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium keratoplasticum to Azole Antifungals

Roberts,

Salmon,

Cubeta

et al. 2023

JoF

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Fungal keratitis (FK) is an invasive infection of the cornea primarily associated with Aspergillus and Fusarium species. FK is treated empirically with a limited selection of topical antifungals with varying levels of success. Though clinical infections are typically characterized by a dense network of mature mycelium, traditional models used to test antifungal susceptibility of FK isolates exclusively evaluate susceptibility in fungal cultures derived from asexual spores known as conidia. The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in fungal response when topical antifungal treatment is initiated at progressive phases of fungal development. We compared the efficacy of voriconazole and luliconazole against in vitro cultures of A. flavus and F. keratoplasticum at 0, 24, and 48 h of fungal development. A porcine cadaver corneal model was used to compare antifungal efficacy of voriconazole and luliconazole in ex vivo tissue cultures of A. flavus and F. keratoplasticum at 0, 24, and 48 h of fungal development. Our results demonstrate phase-dependent susceptibility of both A. flavus and F. keratoplasticum to both azoles in vitro as well as ex vivo. We conclude that traditional antifungal susceptibility testing with conidial suspensions does not correlate with fungal susceptibility in cultures of a more advanced developmental phase. A revised method of antifungal susceptibility testing that evaluates hyphal susceptibility may better predict fungal response in the clinical setting where treatment is often delayed until days after the initial insult.

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In vitro antifungal susceptibility ofFusariumspecies andAspergillus fumigatuscultured from eleven horses with fungal keratitis

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Alternative and Classical Processes for Disinfection of Water Polluted by Fungi: A Systematic Review

Alternative and Classical Processes for Disinfection of Water Polluted by Fungi: A Systematic Review

Cold atmospheric plasma inactivates Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium keratoplasticum biofilms and conidia in vitro

Phase-Dependent Differential In Vitro and Ex Vivo Susceptibility of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium keratoplasticum to Azole Antifungals

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