In vitro antimicrobial activity of Salvadora persica and Juglans regia extracts against microbial strains from oral cavity

Walnut By-Products and Elderberry Extracts—Sustainable Alternatives for Human and Plant Health

“…Alcoholic septum extracts, according to the study of Genovese et al [ 50 ], exhibited a stronger antibacterial effect on Gram-positive bacteria ( S. aureus , S. epidermidis , E. faecalis , and E. faecium ) than on Gram-negative strains ( E. coli , K. pneumoniae , P. aeruginosa , and P. mirabilis ), a fact indicated by lower MIC values. Ethyl acetate extracts from the walnut bark presented a high degree of antimicrobial activity for S. mutans and S. salivarius [ 84 ]; the alcoholic extract seemed to be more effective for S. aureus bacteria and less for S. typhi (bacterium Gram-negative) [ 85 ]; the aqueous extract, compared to the acetonic one, had a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of the oral microbial flora [ 86 , 87 ]; and the chloroformic extract showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against dental caries microorganisms ( S. mutans, S. sobrinus, A. viscosus ) [ 41 ], as well as for S. aureus, E. coli , and P. aeruginosa [ 88 ]. The alcoholic, acetonic, and benzene extracts with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 μg/mL to 300 μg/mL inhibited Gram-positive bacteria ( B. subtilis and S. aureus ) [ 89 ].…”