In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Sardinian Flora against Cutibacterium (Formerly Propionibacterium) acnes and Its Enhancement by Chitosan

Abstract

The in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils from Sardinian flora, both alone and in combination with chitosan, was investigated against a strain of , a bacterium involved in pathogenesis of acne. The composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results of this investigation demonstrated that some of the oils examined, characterised by different chemical profiles, possessed some activity against. Interestingly, this antibacterial effect was enhanced by sub-inhibitory concentrations of chitosan. These observations suggest the potential application of this synergy in the development of innovative topical formulations useful in the management of acne.

Polysaccharide-Based Edible Films Incorporated with Essential Oil Nanoemulsions: Physico-Chemical, Mechanical Properties and Its Application in Food Preservation—A Review

“…Once in the cell, the attachment of chitosan to DNA would cause inhibition of DNA replication and subsequently cell death [ 24 ]. Interestingly, Juliano et al (2018) [ 25 ] also reported a synergistic antibacterial activity of EOs from Sardinian flora and sub-inhibitory concentrations of chitosan. Moreover, different EOs having a synergistic antimicrobial activity can be combined and added to chitosan-based films to limit the organoleptic defects often reported following the addition of single EOs at concentrations needed to effectively inhibit microbial food spoilage.…”

Zinc(II) Complexes of Amino Acids as New Active Ingredients for Anti-Acne Dermatological Preparations

“…Various compounds, such as essential oils and antimicrobial peptides originating from plants, as well as some retinoids, may show activity against C. acnes [10,11,35]. Miazga-Karska et al [11] showed that the low molecular weight burdock peptide Br-p inhibited the growth of C. acnes at concentrations lower than 63 mg/L, depending on the strain tested.…”

“…However, the misuse of antibiotics, often combined with their prolonged use, has resulted in the evolution of bacterial resistance to traditional drugs. Such cases have already been noted in many countries of the European Union [10,11]. Therefore, it is essential to search for alternative substances that can be effective in acne treatment.…”

“…Acne vulgaris is defined as an inflammation of the pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and sebaceous glands), manifested by the overproduction of sebum, keratinization disturbance, excessive multiplication of skin microflora and, finally, the formation of blackheads, inflammatory pimples, papules and scars. The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is extremely complex and has not been fully described; however, it is believed that this disease is caused by the excessive production of androgen hormones, follicular hyperkeratinization and the colonization of hair follicles by bacteria, including strains of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis [9,10].…”

So Uncommon and so Singular, but Underexplored: An Updated Overview on Ethnobotanical Uses, Biological Properties and Phytoconstituents of Sardinian Endemic Plants

“…Furthermore, the essential oil decreased the germ tube formation in C. albicans, making it a promising anti-Candida agent [71]. The essential oil was active against some Gram+ bacteria and its effect, probably attributable to artemisia ketone and β-phellandrene [72], is enhanced by sub-inhibitory concentrations of chitosan [73]. Castangia and coauthors [74] reported that the essential oil of S. insularis, incorporated in liposomes, improves its delivery to the skin.…”