In-vitro antimicrobial activity of different toothpastes

Abstract

Background: Tooth brushing with toothpaste is the most widely practiced form of oral hygiene. Toothpaste aids to improve oral hygiene and effective plaque removal. A wide range of chemicals, mainly antimicrobial agents, have been added to toothpastes which kill microorganisms by disrupting their cell walls and inhibiting their enzymatic activity.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of toothpastes.Methods: Eight (Two herbal and six regular) toothpastes were selected for the study. The study was conducted from October to November 2016 at St. Xavier’s College’s microbiology laboratory. Antimicrobial activity of toothpastes were assessed by measuring inhibition zones by broth dilution method and agar well diffusion method.Results: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination by tube dilution method and cup well diffusion method was found to be same. The antimicrobial activity on test organisms was shown by all toothpastes (TH1, TH2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7 and TR8). Antimicrobial activity of all toothpastes were almost the same and was statistically significant (t>0.05)Conclusion: All eight toothpastes aids in lower microbial load. However, no toothpaste showed bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested microbes. The toothpaste containing only natural active ingredients were found to be more effective than the toothpaste containing chemical active agent followed by weaker antimicrobial effect given by the toothpaste containing both natural and chemical active ingredient as an antimicrobial agent.

Assessment of Bacterial Load in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottled Water Marketed in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

“…Volume 100 mL of water was filtered through a membrane filter apparatus. The membrane filter was inoculated in M-endo agar plates and was incubated for 24 hours at 37°C [27,28]. The same process was repeated, and the membrane filter was transferred into M-endo agar and was incubated at 44.5°C for 24 hours [17].…”

“…Few studies [29,30] have also highlighted the decomposition of PET into formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, in the presence of HPCs in the micronutrients in the bottled water. Vertical or horizontal mutations of the PETase can be used to target the natural aliphatic polymer to enhanced selectivity for PET degradation [3,6,7,13,[15][16][17][18][26][27][28].…”

“…International Journal of Polymer Science triclosan from toothpaste [27,28,49], as such acidic water are to be feared for consumption purposes. Acidic pH has been known to increase the flavor of bottled water which may ultimately lead to the survival of acid tolerant microorganisms [13,16,27,28].…”

Isolation of Bacteriophage from Guheswori Sewage Treatment Plant Capable of Infecting Pathogens

“…With the help of sterile micropipette and sterile glass spreader, 100 µl sample (after treatment) was spread on cetrimide agar, mannitol salt agar and mac conkey agar and were incubated at 42℃, 37℃ and 44.5℃ for 24 hours respectively 22 . 10ml sample was first enriched in Selenite F broth for 5 hours at 42℃; and then was spread on salmonella-shigella agar were incubated at 42℃ for 24 hours respectively.…”

Association of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Screened from Wastewater

“…Isolates were tested for its resistance to heavy metals by well diffusion method (Gautam et al, 2017a). Lawn culture of McFarland standard 0.5 tallied isolated organisms and ATCC 27853 were made on sterile Mueller-Hinton agar plates using a sterile cotton swab.…”