In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on Complex Multispecies Subgingival Biofilm

Abstract

<jats:p>Abstract Periodontopathogenic subgingival biofilm is the main etiological agent of periodontitis. Thus, a search for antimicrobials as adjuvant for periodontal treatment in the literature is intense. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a well-known antimicrobial agent commonly used in mouthrinses. However, CPC effects on a complex biofilm model were not found over the literature. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript is to evaluate 0.075% CPC antimicrobial properties in a multispecies subgingival biofilm model in vitro. The subgingival biofilm composed by 31 species related to periodontitis was formed for 7 days, using the calgary device. The treatments with CPC and chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% (as positive control) were performed 2x/day, for 1 min, from day 3 until the end of experimental period, totaling 8 treatments. After 7 days of biofilm formation, biofilm metabolic activity was evaluated by a colorimetric reaction and biofilms microbial composition by DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with data transformed via BOX-COX followed by Dunnett post-hoc. Both CPC and CHX reduced biofilm metabolic activity in 60% and presented antimicrobial activity against 13 different species. Specifically, only CHX reduced levels of F.n. vicentii and P. gingivalis while only CPC reduced A. odontolyticus and A. israelli. CPC was as effective as CHX as antimicrobial through in vitro complex multispecies subgingival biofilm. However, future studies using in vivo models of experimental periodontal disease should be performed to prove such effect.</jats:p>

Metabolic activity of hydro-carbon-oxo-borate on a multispecies subgingival periodontal biofilm: a short communication

“…Treatments began on 72-h biofilm, and were performed twice a day for the next 4 days. Biofilm-coated pins were transferred to 96-well plates containing 150 μl of hydro-carbon-oxoborate complex (BlueM® gel, Curitiba, PR, Brazil), chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX -Periogard, Colgate), and culture medium (for the non-treated biofilm-coated pins); each treatment lasted for 1 min, and then, biofilm-coated pins were returned to the original culture medium [15].…”

“…To measure biofilms' metabolic activity, the pins were transferred to plates with 200 μl per well of fresh BHI medium containing 1% hemin with 10% of a 1% TTC solution. The plates were incubated at 37°C under anaerobic conditions for 8 h. The TTC conversion was read at 485 nm using a spectrophotometer [14,15].…”

Disinfection Effect of Hexadecyl Pyridinium Chloride on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

“…Traditional disinfectors can have virucidal effects [5], and the oral disinfectant hexadecyl pyridinium chloride has been shown to be effective for oral sterilization [15] as well as having activity against the hepatitis B virus [16] and bacteria that cause periodontitis [17]. Hexadecyl pyridinium chloride is a widely used personal care product that has been listed by the FDA as Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS).…”

Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas da capital de um estado do nordeste brasileiro sobre a utilização de agentes químicos como coadjuvantes na terapia periodontal

“…O Triclosan (TRI) retarda o crescimento descendente de biofilme do ambiente supra para o subgengival, e tem a vantagem conhecida da adsorção e liberação de agentes químicos no meio oral (Andrade, Weidlich, Angst, Gomes & Oppermann, 2015). A metanálise feita por Gunsolley (2006) demonstrou que o copolímero gantrez é um elemento necessário para que o triclosan funcione de maneira adequada e com uma elevada substantividade Outro agente químico disponível no mercado é o Cloreto de Cetilpiridínio (CCP) que é um agente antimicrobiano (Miranda et al, 2020) e que tem propriedades catiônicas que ajudam a manter sua substantividade, o ensaio randomizado de Amini, Araujo, Mei-miau, Charles e Sharma (2009) utilizando um modelo experimental de gengivite apresentou redução no índice de biofilme quando utiliza-se CCP 2x por dia durante 2 semanas.…”

“…Entre os enxaguatórios bucais, a CLX tem efeitos antibacterianos contra uma grande variedade de bactérias e é reconhecida como padrão-ouro para os agentes anti-biofilme (Cieplik, Jakubovics, Buchalla, Maisch, Hellwig & Al-Ahmad, 2019). Os efeitos colaterais da CLX estão relacionados ao manchamento dos dentes (Miranda et al, 2020), materiais restauradores e dorso da língua, assim como na alteração do paladar, fatores esses que contraindicam o seu uso por longos períodos (Zarandia, Salahaddin & Faramarzi, 2016;Tartaglia, Tadakamadla, Connelly, Sforza & Martin, 2019).…”