In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains of Yersinia pestis

Smith, Matthew D.; Vinh, D X; Nguyen, Tam T.; Wain, John; Thung, D; White, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1128/aac.39.9.2153

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…pestis, the etiological agent of plague, is a gram-negative, facultatively intracellular bacterium (127,167). In axenic medium, Y. pestis is highly susceptible to many antibiotics (63,156), including aminoglycosides, although multidrug resistance in this species has been reported recently in one strain (68). The in vitro activities of antibiotics against intracellular Y. pestis have never been assessed.…”

Section: Selected Examples Of Clinical Activity Of Aminoglycosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Aminoglycosides in Treatment of Infections Due to Intracellular Bacteria

Maurin

Raoult

2001

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

113

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Section: Selected Examples Of Clinical Activity Of Aminoglycosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Aminoglycosides in Treatment of Infections Due to Intracellular Bacteria

Maurin

Raoult

2001

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

113

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“…Similarly, a survey of 100 clinical isolates collected prior to 1991 from Africa for 14 commercially available antibiotics found that all were effective at Ͻ8 g/ml except for one macrolide antibiotic (12). For a collection of 78 Y. pestis isolates from Vietnam from 1985 to 1993, all were susceptible to 14 commercial antibiotics at 8 g/ml; however, the authors noted that the MICs for several antibiotics commonly used in Vietnam were less effective (26). The most recently screened collection consisted of 92 isolates (not all are from human cases) from California from 1977 to 1998, and 12 commercially available antibiotics were found to be effective at Յ8 g/ml (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to streptomycin, other antibiotics recommended for treatment of plague are gentamicin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin; however, there are limited studies upon which to base these recommendations (4,23,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Efficacy of Antibiotics Commonly Used To Treat Human Plague against Intracellular Yersinia pestis

Wendte¹,

Ponnusamy²,

Reiber

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…1 McFarland instead of the 0.5 McFarland standard used in most disk or Etest diffusion studies. Agar dilution, using MHA incubated at 27°to 30°C for 48 h, is the most common method reported in the literature (7,8,11,12,22). Broth macrodilution and microdilution methods have also been used with various incubation temperatures (2,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Etest Method with Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Yersinia pestis

et al. 2011

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The utility of Etest for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Yersinia pestis was evaluated in comparison with broth microdilution and disk diffusion for eight agents. Four laboratories tested 26 diverse strains and found Etest to be reliable for testing antimicrobial agents used to treat Y. pestis, except for chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Disk diffusion testing is not recommended.Yersinia pestis is the etiologic agent of the plague and has potential for use as a biological weapon (1,13,(17)(18)(19)(20)23). Because of this, it is important that emerging drug resistance, whether natural or engineered, should be detectable using standardized methods that are easily implemented in multiple laboratories. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) describes a reference broth microdilution (BMD) method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Y. pestis and provides MIC interpretive guidelines for eight antimicrobial agents (6). BMD uses cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) and requires incubation at 35°C for 24 h with an option for incubation for 48 h when growth at 24 h is insufficient for endpoint interpretation. Unfortunately, reference BMD is difficult to incorporate in many laboratories because it is relatively costly and laborious and requires the storage of panels in a frozen or dehydrated format. Several alternative susceptibility testing methods exist, including the disk diffusion and Etest methods. However, before these methods can be employed for a species, they must be evaluated and compared to BMD to determine correlations between the results obtained by comparisons of the methods.Y. pestis isolates are fastidious and may grow more slowly on artificial media than other common species of Enterobacteriaceae, and so susceptibility testing methods for Y. pestis have been difficult to standardize. Several methods are described in the literature. Disk diffusion testing has generally been performed on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA), typically using 48 h of incubation at 35°C, but methodological descriptions are sometimes lacking in detail (10,16,24). The Etest method was employed by Wong et al. (25) using MHA with 5% sheep blood, incubation at 35°C, and an inoculum matching a no. 1 McFarland instead of the 0.5 McFarland standard used in most disk or Etest diffusion studies. Agar dilution, using MHA incubated at 27°to 30°C for 48 h, is the most common method reported in the literature (7,8,11,12,22). Broth macrodilution and microdilution methods have also been used with various incubation temperatures (2, 21).There are several attributes of disk diffusion and Etest methods that make them attractive alternative methods for susceptibility testing, including ease of storage and a long shelf life for the disks and strips. Also, these are agar-based methods and the endpoints can be easier to read than those of BMD. The Etest has the added benefit of producing an MIC result. In this report, we present results of a multicenter study comparing Etest and disk diffusion methods wi...

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In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of strains of Yersinia pestis

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

Use of Aminoglycosides in Treatment of Infections Due to Intracellular Bacteria

Use of Aminoglycosides in Treatment of Infections Due to Intracellular Bacteria

In Vitro Efficacy of Antibiotics Commonly Used To Treat Human Plague against Intracellular Yersinia pestis

Comparison of Etest Method with Reference Broth Microdilution Method for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Yersinia pestis

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