In vitro antimicrobicidal and cytotoxicity efficacy of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Alternaria brassicae (KF934409)

Abstract

Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the most revolutionizing area in research field. Biological methods of reduction of metal ions are often preferred because they are non-toxic, safe, clean, biocompatible and environmentally acceptable. Alternaria brassicae was isolated from rhizospheric region and used for the extracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Further, the study was performed to estimate the antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic efficacy of AuNPs. The immunomodulatory efficacy of AuNPs was investigated on various pathogenic microorganisms and human macrophages cell lines (THP1-α). Stable AuNPs were produced when an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) was reduced by fungal biomass. Production of nanoparticles was confirmed by the color change from yellow to pinkish violet after approximately 72 hr of reaction. The produced nanoparticles were then characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, DLS and Transmission electron microscopic analyses. The TEM images of sample revealed that the AuNPs were spherical and hexagonal in shape. Biosynthesized AuNPs were ranged in size from ~15-72 nm. These AuNPs were also assessed for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic efficacy. The results indicated towards efficient antimicrobial activity of AuNPs against Enterobacter aerogene, Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma sp. at higher concentrations. Cytotoxicity analysis of AuNPs on THP1 α cell lines revealed dose dependent behavior. In conclusion, this study proposed the inimitable character of AuNPs prepared from A. brassicae. AuNPs synthesized by this fungus can be either used as cost effective antimicrobial, insecticidal agents or nontoxic immunomodulatory delivery vehicle.

Fungi‐mediated synthesis of nanoparticles: characterization process and agricultural applications

“…Fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, 14,15,16,17 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, 18,19 Fusarium solani, 20,21 Fusarium culmorum, 22 Aspergillus niger, 23,24,25 Aspergillus clavitus, 26,27 Aspergillus fumigatus, 28,29,30 Aspergillus tubingensis, 31,32,33 Aspergillus oryzae, 34,35,36 Aspergillus terreus, 37,38,39 Aspergillus flavus, 40,41,42 Aspergillus versicolor, 43,44 Aspergillus sydowii, 45,36 Alternaria tenuissima, 46,47 Alternaria alternate, 48,49,50 Alternaria brassicae, 51 Rhizopus oryzae, 52 Alternaria solani, 53 Rhizopus arrhizus, 54 Rhizopus stolonifer, 55,56 Pleurotus sajor-caju, 57,58,59 Penicillium duclauxii, 60 Penicillium...…”

“…Fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum , 14,15,16,17 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici , 18,19 Fusarium solani , 20,21 Fusarium culmorum , 22 Aspergillus niger , 23,24,25 Aspergillus clavitus , 26,27 Aspergillus fumigatus , 28,29,30 Aspergillus tubingensis , 31,32,33 Aspergillus oryzae , 34,35,36 Aspergillus terreus , 37,38,39 Aspergillus flavus , 40,41,42 Aspergillus versicolor , 43,44 Aspergillus sydowii , 45,36 Alternaria tenuissima , 46,47 Alternaria alternate , 48,49,50 Alternaria brassicae , 51 Rhizopus oryzae , 52 Alternaria solani , 53 Rhizopus arrhizus , 54 Rhizopus stolonifer , 55,56 Pleurotus sajor ‐ caju , 57,58,59 Penicillium duclauxii , 60 Penicillium fellutanum , 61 Penicillium polonicum , 62 Penicillium roqueforti , 63 Penicillium citrinum , 64,65,66 Penicillium waksmanii , 67 Penicillium aurantiogriseum , 68 Penicillium chrysogenum , 69 Penicillium brevicompactum , 70 Trichoderma harzianum , 71 Trichoderma asperellum , 72,73 Trichoderma reesei , 74,75 Trichoderma viride , 76,77,78 Trichoderma harzianum , 79,80,81 Trichoderma koningii , 82,83 Tricholoma crassum , 84,85 Cladosporium sphaerospermum , 86 Cladosporium cladosporioides , 87,88,89 Hypocrea lixii , 90 Cochliobolus lunatu...…”

Efficacy of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles to combat antibiotic resistance against multidrug resistance pathogen

“…AgNPs are thought to have signi cant antibacterial e ciency against bacterial pathogenic microbes since it is entirely reliant on the mechanism of generation, shape and size, and bacterial strains chosen. The method of bacterial activity is based on ROS formation, which has been identi ed as a crucial contributor in cell wall degradation [Fatima et al, 2016;Slavin et al, 2017;Gold et al, 2018], enhancing membrane permeability, leakage of cellular components, ultimately leading to cell death. The failure of proton-motive force and the absorption of toxic dissolved silver ions resulted in mitochondrial weakness, intracellular discharge, and oxidative damage to DNA and proteins where AgNPs bind to S as well as P groups of the DNA, resulting in DNA damage and aggregation and disturbance of transcriptional and translational mechanisms, eventually causing cell growth inhibition and cell death [Fatima et al, 2020].…”

“…Physicochemical methods have typically created environmental issues due to metal ion reduction and surface modi cation results in toxic compounds production (Fig. 1) [Fatima et al, 2016;Fatima et al, 2017;Jamkhande et al, 2019]. Reducing and stabilizing agents are required when nanoparticles are synthesized using chemical and physical procedures at high temperatures and pressures.…”

Biological Synthesis, Characterization, and Therapeutic Potential of S. commune-Mediated Gold Nanoparticles

“…All of the proteins and extracellular enzymes involved in metal salt reduction and capping in NPs are collectively referred to as the "secretome" and are released into the extracellular environment [25]. In order to biosynthesize gold nanoparticles, these fungal filtrates contain NADPH enzyme-dependent reductase that converts Au 3+ to Au 0 through the enzymatic process of metal reduction [26][27][28]. Aspergillus terreus has been used in the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which led to the development of microbicidal characteristics that were specifically directed against Escherichia coli, a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium [29].…”