In Vitro Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Extracts from Ocimum basilicum Leaves Validated by Molecular Docking and ADMET Analysis

Abstract

The aim of study is to investigate the various mechanism‐based antioxidant and anti‐fungal properties of a hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum L leaves. Additionally, conduct molecular docking to simultaneously validate in vitro activities. Also, perform ADMET analysis to know pharmacokinetic properties and its toxicity for its safety. Prior extract’s qualitative analysis has been performed to identify the bioactive compounds by phytochemical tests and GC‐MS analysis. Different mechanism‐based in vitro antioxidant methods are studied; in different methods, different IC50 values have come, which revealed the extract's antioxidant potentials. The antifungal potential of the extract has been observed by performing a modified poison food assay and a time‐killing curve assay. In silico analysis with the human peroxiredoxin 5 enzyme (PDB ID: 1HD2) and secreted aspartic proteinase (PDB ID: 2QZX), which predict extract biological activity, has shown promising results of Ocimum basilicum L extract. In silico findings confirm the in vitro experimental outcome of the extract. The different IC50 values of extracts in different mechanisms indicate their therapeutic potential, and that encourages further research in formulation development. The time‐killing assay method gives information about a dynamic interaction between extract and microbial strain. Concentration‐dependent antifungal studies have significance in formulation development for dose determination.